IV. Actions and initiatives to overcome obstacles
and to achieve the full and accelerated implementation of the
Beijing Platform for Action
C. Actions to be taken at the international
level
By the United Nations system and international
and regional organizations,
as appropriate:
84. (a) Assist Governments, at their request, in building institutional
capacity
and developing national action plans or further implementing
existing action plans for the implementation of the Platform
for Action;
(b) Support non-governmental organizations, especially women's
organizations, to build their capacity to advocate for, implement,
assess and follow up the Platform for Action;
(c) Allocate sufficient resources to regional and national
programmes to
implement the Platform for Action in its 12 critical areas;
(d) Assist Governments in countries with economies in transition
to further
develop and implement plans and programmes aimed at economic
and political
empowerment of women;
(e) Encourage the Economic and Social Council to request the
regional
commissions, within their respective mandates and resources,
to build up a database to be updated regularly, in which all
programmes and projects carried out in their respective regions
by agencies or organizations of the United Nations system are
listed, and to facilitate their dissemination, as well as the
evaluation of their impact on the empowerment of women through
the implementation of the Platform for Action.
85. (a) Continue to implement and evaluate and follow up the
mandated work of the United Nations agencies, drawing on the
full range of expertise available within the United Nations
system, as well as agreed conclusions of the Economic and Social
Council and other programmes and initiatives, to mainstream
a gender perspective into all policies, programmes and planning
of the United Nations system, including through the integrated
and coordinated follow-up to all major United Nations conferences
and summits, as well as to ensure the allocation of sufficient
resources and maintenance of gender units and focal points to
achieve this end;
(b) Assist countries, upon their request, in developing methods
for and
compiling statistics on the contributions of women and men to
society and the
economy, and the socio-economic situation of women and men,
in particular in
relation to poverty and paid and unpaid work in all sectors;
(c) Support national efforts, particularly in developing countries,
for
enlarged access to new information technology as part of the
efforts to develop
collaborative research, training and information dissemination,
including through
the gender awareness information and networking system being
developed by the International Research and Training Institute
for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), while at the same time
supporting traditional methods of information dissemination,
research and training;
(d) Ensure that all United Nations personnel and officials
at Headquarters
and in the field, especially in field operations, receive training
in order to
mainstream a gender perspective in their work, including gender
impact analysis, and ensure appropriate follow-up to such training;
(e) Support the Commission on the Status of Women, within its
mandate, in
assessing and advancing the implementation of the Beijing Platform
for Action and its follow-up;
(f) Assist Governments, upon their request, in incorporating
a gender
perspective as a dimension of development into national development
planning;
(g) Assist States Parties, upon their request, in building
capacity to
implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination
against Women, and in this regard encourage States Parties to
pay attention to the concluding comments as well as the general
recommendations of the Committee.
86. (a) Assist Governments, upon request, in developing gender-sensitive
strategies for the delivery of assistance and, where appropriate,
responses to
humanitarian crises resulting from armed conflict and natural
disasters;
(b) Ensure and support the full participation of women at all
levels of
decision-making and implementation in development activities
and peace processes, including conflict prevention and resolution,
post-conflict reconstruction, peacemaking, peacekeeping and
peace-building, and in this regard, support the involvement
of women's organizations, community-based organizations and
non-governmental organizations;
(c) Encourage the involvement of women in decision-making at
all levels
and achieve gender balance in the appointment of women and men,
with full respect for the principle of equitable geographical
distribution, including, as special envoys and special representatives
and in pursuing good offices on behalf of the Secretary-General,
inter alia, in matters relating to peacekeeping, peace-building
and in operational activities, including as resident coordinators;
(d) Provide gender-sensitive training to all actors, as appropriate,
in
peacekeeping missions in dealing with victims, particularly
women and girls, of
violence, including sexual violence;
(e) Take further effective measures to remove the obstacles
to the realization
of the right of peoples to self-determination, in particular
peoples living under
colonial and foreign occupation, that continue to adversely
affect their economic and social development.
87. (a) Support activities aimed at the elimination of all
forms of violence
against women and girls, including providing support for the
activities of women's networks and organizations within the
United Nations system;
(b) Consider launching an international inzero toleranceln
campaign on
violence against women..
88. Encourage the implementation of measures designed to achieve
the goal of
50/50 gender balance in all posts, including at the Professional
level and above, in particular at the higher levels in their
secretariats, including in peacekeeping
missions, peace negotiations and in all activities, and report
thereon, as appropriate, and enhance management accountability
mechanisms.
89. Take measures, with the full participation of women, to
create, at all levels, an enabling environment conducive to
the achievement and maintenance of world peace, for democracy
and peaceful settlement of disputes, with full respect for the
principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
independence of States and non-intervention in matters which
are essentially within the jurisdiction of any State, in accordance
with the Charter of the United Nations and international law,
as well as the promotion and protection of all human rights,
including the right to development, and fundamental freedoms.
[Table
of Contents]
D. Actions to be taken at the national and international
levels
By Governments, regional and international organizations,
including the
United Nations system, and international financial institutions
and other
actors, as appropriate:
90. Take steps with a view to the avoidance of and refrain
from any unilateral
measure not in accordance with international law and the Charter
of the United
Nations that impedes the full achievement of economic and social
development by the population of the affected countries, in
particular women and children, that hinders their well-being
and that creates obstacles to the full enjoyment of their human
rights, including the right of everyone to a standard of living
adequate for their health and well-being and their right to
food, medical care and the necessary social services. Ensure
that food and medicine are not used as tools for political pressure.
91. Take urgent and effective measures in accordance with international
law with a view to alleviating the negative impact of economic
sanctions on women and children.
92. (a) Promote international cooperation to support regional
and national efforts in the development and use of gender-related
analysis and statistics by, inter alia, providing national statistical
offices, upon their request, with institutional and financial
support in order to enable them to respond to requests for data
disaggregated by sex and age for use by national Governments
in the formulation of gender-sensitive statistical indicators
for monitoring and policy and programme impact assessments,
as well as to undertake regular strategic surveys;
(b) Develop with the full participation of all countries an
international
consensus on indicators and ways to measure violence against
women, and consider establishing a readily accessible database
on statistics, legislation, training models, good practices,
lessons learned and other resources with regard to all forms
of violence against women, including women migrant workers;
(c) In partnership, as appropriate, with relevant institutions,
promote,
improve, systemize and fund the collection of data disaggregated
by sex, age and other appropriate factors, on health and access
to health services, including
comprehensive information on the impact of HIV/AIDS on women,
throughout the life-cycle;.
(d) Eliminate gender biases in bio-medical, clinical and social
research,
including by conducting voluntary clinical trials involving
women, with due regard for their human rights, and in strict
conformity with internationally accepted legal, ethical, medical,
safety, and scientific standards, and gather, analyse and make
available to appropriate institutions and to end-users gender-specific
information about dosage, side-effects and effectiveness of
drugs, including contraceptives and methods that protect against
sexually transmitted infections.
93. (a) Develop and support the capacity of universities, national
research and
training institutes and other relevant research institutes to
undertake gender-related and policy-oriented research in order
to inform policy makers and to promote full implementation of
the Platform for Action and its follow-up;
(b) Develop a South-South cooperation programme with a view
to assisting
in the capacity-building of national machineries on women through,
inter alia, the sharing of expertise, experiences and knowledge
of national machineries on
women™s empowerment, gender issues and gender mainstreaming
methodologies and approaches on the 12 critical areas of the
Platform for Action;
(c) Support Governments in their efforts to institute action-oriented
programmes and measures to accelerate the full implementation
of the Platform for Action, with time-bound targets and/or measurable
goals and evaluation methods, including gender impact assessments,
with full participation of women for measuring and analysing
progress;
(d) Undertake appropriate data collection and research on indigenous
women, with their full participation, in order to foster accessible,
culturally and
linguistically appropriate policies, programmes and services;
(e) Continue research on all current trends that may be creating
new gender
disparities in order to provide a basis for policy action.
94. (a) Take measures to develop and implement gender-sensitive
programmes
aimed at stimulating women's entrepreneurship and private initiative,
and assist
women-owned business in participating in and benefiting from,
inter alia,
international trade, technological innovation and investment;
(b) Respect, promote and realize the principles contained in
the Declaration
on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of the International
Labour
Organization and its follow-up, and strongly consider ratification
and full
implementation of International Labour Organization conventions
which are
particularly relevant to ensuring women's rights at work;
(c) Encourage the strengthening of existing and emerging microcredit
institutions and their capacity, including through the support
of international
financial institutions, so that credit and related services
for self-employment and
income-generating activities may be made available to an increasing
number of
people living in poverty, in particular women, and to further
develop, where
appropriate, other microfinance instruments;
(d) Reaffirm commitment to gender-sensitive development and
support
women™s role in sustainable and ecologically sound consumption
and production patterns and approaches to natural resource management;.(e)
Adopt measures to ensure that the work of rural women, who continue
to
play a vital role in providing food security and nutrition and
are engaged in
agricultural production and enterprises related to farming,
fishing and resource
management and home-based work, especially in the informal sector,
is recognized and valued in order to enhance their economic
security, their access to and control over resources and credit
schemes, services and benefits, and their empowerment.
95. (a) Encourage and implement curriculum changes in training
for public
officials to make them fully gender-sensitive;
(b) Strengthen and promote programmes to support the participation
of
young women in youth organizations and encourage dialogue among
youth between and among developed and developing countries;
(c) Support national efforts to promote formal and non-formal
education and
mentoring programmes for women and girls in order to enable
them to acquire
knowledge, develop self-esteem and skills in leadership, advocacy
and conflict
resolution;
(d) Undertake comprehensive actions to provide skills training
for women
and girls at all levels, in order to eradicate poverty, in particular
the feminization of poverty, through national and international
efforts;
(e) With the full voluntary participation of indigenous women,
develop and
implement educational and training programmes that respect their
history, culture, spirituality, languages and aspirations and
ensure their access to all levels of formal and non-formal education,
including higher education;
(f) Continue to support and strengthen national, regional and
international
adult literacy programmes with international cooperation in
order to achieve a 50 per cent improvement in the levels of
adult literacy by 2015, especially for women, and equitable
access to basic and continuing education for all adults;
(g) Continue to examine the decline in enrolment rates and
the increase in
the drop-out rates of girls and boys at the primary and secondary
education levels in some countries, and, with international
cooperation, design appropriate national programmes to eliminate
the root causes and support lifelong learning for women and
girls, with a view to ensuring achievement of relevant international
targets on education set by the relevant international conferences;
(h) Ensure equal opportunities for women and girls in cultural,
recreational
and sports activities, as well as in participation in athletics
and physical activities at the national, regional and international
levels, such as access, training, competition, remuneration
and prizes;
(i) Continue to design efforts for the promotion of respect
for cultural
diversity and dialogue among and within civilizations in a manner
which contributes to the implementation of the Platform for
Action, which aims at the empowerment of women and the full
realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for
all women and in a manner which ensures that gender equality
and the full enjoyment of all human rights by women are not
undermined;
(j) Apply and support positive measures to give all women,
particularly
indigenous women, equal access to capacity-building and training
programmes to enhance their participation in decision-making
in all fields and at all levels.
96. (a) Increase cooperation, policy responses, effective implementation
of
national legislation and other protective and preventive measures
aimed at the
elimination of violence against women and girls, especially
all forms of commercial sexual exploitation, as well as economic
exploitation, including trafficking inwomen and children, female
infanticide, crimes committed in the name of honour, crimes
committed in the name of passion, racially motivated crimes,
abduction and sale of children, dowry-related violence and deaths,
acid attacks and harmful traditional or customary practices,
such as female genital mutilation, early and forced marriages;
(b) Increase awareness and knowledge of the Rome Statute of
the
International Criminal Court, which affirms that rape, sexual
slavery, enforced
prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization and other
forms of sexual
violence constitute war crimes and, in defined circumstances,
crimes against
humanity, with the aim of preventing such crimes from occurring,
and take measures to support the prosecution of all persons
responsible for such crimes and provide avenues for redress
to victims; also increase awareness of the extent to which such
crimes are used as a weapon of war;
(c) Provide support to non-governmental organizations, in collaboration
with
the United Nations system, inter alia, through regional and
international
cooperation, including women's organizations and community groups,
in addressing all forms of violence against women and girls,
including for programmes to combat race and ethnic-based violence
against women and girls;
(d) Encourage and support public campaigns, as appropriate,
to enhance
public awareness of the unacceptability and social costs of
violence against women, and undertake prevention activities
to promote healthy and balanced relationships based on gender
equality.
97. (a) Intensify cooperation between States of origin, transit
and destination to
prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially
women and children;
(b) Support the ongoing negotiations on a draft protocol to
prevent, suppress
and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children,
to supplement the draft United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime; [16]
(c) As appropriate, pursue and support national, regional and
international
strategies to reduce the risk to women and girls, including those
who are refugees and displaced persons, as well as women migrant
workers, of becoming victims of trafficking; strengthen national
legislation by further defining the crime of trafficking in all
its elements and by reinforcing the punishment accordingly; enact
social and economic policies and programmes, as well as informational
and awareness-raising initiatives, to prevent and combat trafficking
in persons, especially women and children; prosecute perpetrators
of trafficking; provide measures to support, assist and protect
trafficked persons in their countries of origin and destination;
and facilitate their return to and support their reintegration
into their countries of origin.
98. (a) Improve knowledge and awareness of the remedies available
for
violations of women's human rights;
(b) Promote and protect the human rights of all migrant women
and
implement policies to address the specific needs of documented
migrant women and, where necessary, tackle the existing inequalities
between men and women migrants to ensure gender equality;
(c) Promote respect for the right of women and men to the freedom
of
thought, conscience and religion. Recognize the central role
that religion,
spirituality and belief play in the lives of millions of women
and men;
(d) Encourage, through the media and other means, a high awareness
of the
harmful effects of certain traditional or customary practices
affecting the health of women, some of which increase their
vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections,
and intensify efforts to eliminate such practices;
(e) Take necessary measures to protect individuals, groups
and organs of
society engaged in promoting and protecting women's human rights;
(f) Encourage States parties to continue to include a gender
perspective in
their reports to the treaty bodies; also encourage these bodies
to continue to take into account a gender perspective in the
implementation of their mandates, taking into account the need
to avoid unnecessary duplication and overlapping of their work;
and further encourage human rights mechanisms to continue to
take into account a gender perspective in their work;
(g) Support innovative programmes to empower older women to
increase
their contribution to and benefit from development and efforts
to combat poverty.
99. (a) Promote comprehensive human rights education programmes,
inter alia,
in cooperation, where appropriate, with education and human
rights institutions, the relevant actors of civil society, in
particular non-governmental organizations and the media networks,
to ensure widespread dissemination of information on human rights
instruments, in particular those concerning the human rights
of women and girls;
(b) Take measures through, inter alia, supporting and strengthening
existing
mechanisms entrusted with prosecuting perpetrators of violations
of the human
rights of women, to eliminate impunity;
(c) Take measures to eliminate violations of international
law and the
Charter of the United Nations. Many of these violations have
a negative impact on the promotion and protection of the human
rights of women;
(d) Address the root causes of armed conflict in a comprehensive
and
durable manner, as well as the differences in the impact of
armed conflict on women and men, and take them into account
in relevant policies and programmes in order to, inter alia,
enhance the protection of civilians, particularly women and
children;
(e) Ensure the release of hostages, particularly women and
children,
including those subsequently imprisoned, in armed conflict;
(f) Develop and support policies and programmes for the protection
of
children, especially girls, in hostilities, in order to prohibit
their forced recruitment and use by all actors and to promote
and/or strengthen mechanisms for their rehabilitation and reintegration,
taking into account the specific experiences and needs of girls;.
(g) Improve and strengthen the capacity of women affected
by situations of
armed conflict, including women refugees and displaced women,
by, inter alia,
involving them in the design and management of humanitarian
activities so that they benefit from these activities on an
equal basis with men;
(h) Invite the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
other
relevant United Nations agencies, within their respective mandates,
and other
relevant humanitarian organizations as well as Governments to
continue to provide adequate support to countries hosting large
numbers of refugees and those with displaced persons, in their
efforts to provide protection and assistance, paying particular
attention to the needs of refugees and other displaced women
and children;
(i) Seek to ensure the full and equal participation of women
in the promotion
of peace, in particular through the full implementation of the
Declaration and
Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace; [17]
(j) Provide support to and empower women who play an important
role
within their families as stabilizing factors in conflict and
post-conflict situations;
(k) Strengthen efforts towards general and complete disarmament
under
strict and effective international control, based on the priorities
established by the United Nations in the field of disarmament,
so that released resources could be used for, inter alia, social
and economic programmes which benefit women and girls;
(l) Explore new ways of generating new public and private financial
resources, inter alia, through the appropriate reduction of excessive
military
expenditures and the arms trade and investment for arms production
and acquisition, including global military expenditures, taking
into consideration national security requirements, so as to permit
the possible allocation of additional funds for social and economic
development, inter alia, for the advancement of women;
(m) Take measures to ensure the protection of refugees, especially
women
and girls, and their access to and the provision of gender-sensitive
appropriate basicsocial services, including education and health.
100. (a) Cooperate and work with private sector partners and
media networks at the national and international levels to promote
equal access for women and men as producers and consumers, particularly
in the area of information and
communications technologies, including through encouraging the
media and the
information industry consistent with freedom of expression to
adopt, or develop
further codes of conduct, professional guidelines and other
self-regulatory
guidelines to remove gender stereotypes and promote balanced
portrayals of women and men;
(b) Develop programmes that support women's ability to create,
access and
promote networking, in particular through the use of new information
and
communications technology, including through the establishment
and support of
programmes to build the capacity of women's NGOs in this regard;
(c) Capitalize on the new information technologies, including
the Internet, to
improve the global sharing of information, research, strengths,
lessons learned from women's experiences, including inHerstoriesl_
[18] related
to achieving gender equality, development and peace, and study
other roles that these technologies can play towards that goal.
101. (a) Take effective measures to address the challenges
of globalization,
including through the enhanced and effective participation of
developing countries in the international economic policy decision-making
process, in order to, inter alia, `guarantee the equal participation
of women, in particular those from developing countries, in
the process of macroeconomic decision-making;
(b) Take measures, with the full and effective participation
of women, to
ensure new approaches to international development cooperation,
based on stability, growth and equity with the enhanced and
effective participation and the integration of developing countries
in the globalizing world economy, geared towards poverty eradication
and the reduction of gender-based inequality within the overall
framework of achieving people-centred sustainable development;
(c) Design and strengthen poverty eradication strategies, with
the full and
effective participation of women, that reduce the feminization
of poverty and
enhance the capacity of women and empower them to meet the negative
social and economic impacts of globalization;
(d) Intensify efforts to implement poverty eradication programmes
and
evaluate, with the participation of women, the extent to which
these programmes have an impact on the empowerment of women
living in poverty, in terms of access to quality training and
education as well as physical and mental health care, employment,
basic social services, inheritance and access to and control
over land, housing, income, microcredit and other financial
instruments and services, and introduce improvements to such
programmes in the light of the above assessment;
(e) Recognizing the mutually reinforcing links between gender
equality and
poverty eradication, elaborate and implement, where appropriate,
in consultation with civil society, comprehensive gender-sensitive
poverty eradication strategies addressing social, structural
and macroeconomic issues;
(f) Encourage the establishment, in partnership with private
financial
institutions, where appropriate, of iflending windowslg and
other accessible financial services with simplified procedures
that are specifically designed to meet the savings, credit and
insurance needs of all women;
(g) Undertake comprehensive actions to provide and support
quality skills
training for women and girls at all levels, on the basis of
strategies developed with their full and effective participation,
to achieve agreed targets to eradicate poverty, in particular
the feminization of poverty, through national, regional and
international efforts. National efforts need to be complemented
by intensified regional and international cooperation in order
to tackle the risks, overcome the challenges and ensure that
opportunities created by globalization benefit women, particularly
in developing countries;
(h) Establish, with the full and effective participation of
women and in
consultation with civil society, particularly NGOs, in a timely
manner, social
development funds, where appropriate, to alleviate the negative
effects on women associated with structural adjustment programmes
and trade liberalization and the disproportionate burden borne
by women living in poverty;
(i) Identify and implement development-oriented and durable
solutions
which integrate a gender perspective to external debt and debt-servicing
problems of developing countries, including least developed
countries, inter alia, through debt relief, including the option
of ODA debt cancellation, in order to help them to finance programmes
and projects targeted at development, including the advancement
of women;
(j) Support the Cologne initiative for the reduction of debt,
particularly the
speedy implementation of the enhanced heavily indebted poor
countries debt
initiative; ensure the provision of adequate funds for its implementation
and
implement the provision that funds saved should be used to support
anti-poverty programmes that address gender dimensions;
(k) Promote and accelerate the implementation of the 20/20
initiative, which
integrates a gender perspective to fully benefit all, particularly
women and girls;
(l) Call for continued international cooperation, including
the reaffirmation
to strive to fulfil the yet to be attained internationally agreed
target of 0.7 per cent of the gross national product of developed
countries for overall official development assistance as soon
as possible, thereby increasing the flow of resources for gender
equality, development and peace;
(m) Facilitate the transfer to developing countries and countries
with
economies in transition of appropriate technology, particularly
new and modern
technology, and encourage efforts by the international community
to eliminate
restrictions on such transfers, as an effective means of complementing
national
efforts for further acceleration in achieving the goals of gender
equality,
development and peace;
(n) Recommend that the Preparatory Committee for the Millennium
Assembly make an effort, within the context of gender mainstreaming
in the United Nations system, to integrate a gender perspective
in all activities and documents related to the Millennium Assembly
and Summit, including in the consideration of poverty eradication;
(o) Create an enabling environment and design and implement
policies that
promote and protect the enjoyment of all human rights Š
civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, including
the right to development Š and fundamental freedoms, as
part of the efforts to achieve gender equality, development
and peace.
102. (a) Create and strengthen an enabling environment, in
accordance with
national laws, to support the capacity of women's NGOs to mobilize
resources to ensure the sustainability of their development
activities;
(b) Encourage the establishment and strengthening of multi-stakeholder
partnerships/cooperation at all levels among international and
intergovernmental
organizations, with relevant actors of civil society, including
NGOs, the private
sector and trade unions, and women's organizations and other
NGOs,.communications and media systems in support of the goals
of the Fourth World Conference on Women;
(c) Encourage partnerships and cooperation among Governments,
international organizations, in particular international financial
institutions, and
multilateral organizations, private sector institutions and
civil society, including
NGOs, especially women's and community-based organizations,
to support poverty eradication initiatives focused on women
and girls;
(d) Recognize the crucial role of and support women and women's
NGOs
and community-based organizations in the implementation of Agenda
21, [19]
by integrating a gender perspective in the formulation, design
and implementation of sustainable environmental and resource
management mechanisms, programmes and infrastructure.
103. (a) Promote programmes for healthy active ageing that
stress the
independence, equality, participation and security of older
women and undertake gender-specific research and programmes
to address their needs;
(b) As a matter of priority, especially in those countries
most affected, and in
partnership with NGOs, wherever possible, intensify education,
services and
community-based mobilization strategies to protect women of
all ages from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections,
including through the development of safe, affordable, effective
and easily accessible female-controlled methods, including such
methods as microbicides and female condoms that protect against
sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS; voluntary and
confidential HIV testing and counselling; the promotion of responsible
sexual behaviour, including abstinence and condom use; and the
development of vaccines, simple low-cost diagnosis and single
dose treatments for sexually transmitted infections;
(c) Provide access to adequate and affordable treatment, monitoring
and care
for all people, especially women and girls, infected with sexually
transmitted
diseases or living with life-threatening diseases, including
HIV/AIDS and associated opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis.
Provide other services, including adequate housing and social
protection, including during pregnancy and breastfeeding; assist
boys and girls orphaned as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic;
and provide gender-sensitive support systems for women and other
family members who are involved in caring for persons affected
by serious health conditions, including HIV/AIDS;
(d) Take effective and expeditious measures to mobilize international
and
national public opinion concerning the effects of different
dimensions of the world drug problems on women and girls and
ensure that appropriate resources are provided to this end.
104. Encourage partnerships between Governments and NGOs in
the
implementation of commitments made at the Fourth World Conference
on Women and at other United Nations world conferences and summits
in order to promote gender equality, development and peace in
the twenty-first century.
NOTES
1 - Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women,
Beijing, 4-15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales
No. E.96.IV.13), resolution 1, annex I.
2 - Ibid., annex II.
3 - Report of the World Conference to Review and Appraise
the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality,
Development and Peace, Nairobi, 15-26 July 1985 (United Nations
publication, Sales No. E.85.IV.10), chap. I, sect. A..
4 - General Assembly resolution 34/180, annex..6 A/S-23/10/Rev.1
(SUPPL. NO. 3)
7 - See General Assembly resolution S-21/2, annex.
8 - Report of the International Conference on Population
and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (United Nations
publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1,
annex..
9 - A/CONF.183/9..
10 - General Assembly resolution 34/180..
12 - General Assembly resolution 54/263, annex I.
13 - Ibid., annex II.
14 - See United Nations Environment Programme, Convention
on Biological Diversity (Environmental Law and Institute Programme
Activity Centre), June 1992..
15 - General Assembly resolution 44/25, annex..
16 - See General Assembly resolution 54/126..
17 - General Assembly resolution 53/243..
18 - i8HerstorieslS is a widely used term denoting the
recounting of events, both historical and contemporary, from
a woman's point of view..
19 - Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1997, vol. I, Resolutions
Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales
No. E.93.I.8 and corrigenda), resolution 1, annex II.
20 - Unsafe abortion is defined as a procedure for terminating
an unwanted pregnancy either by persons lacking the necessary
skills or in an environment lacking the minimal medical standards
or both (based on World Health Organization, The Prevention
and Management of Unsafe Abortion, Report of a Technical Working
Group, Geneva, April 1992 (WHO/MSM/92.5)).
00-54661 (E) 250800
