Appendix 1:

Extracts from the ‘Integrated Framework for Socio-Economic and ICT Policy and Plan Development and Implementation for Rwanda’

The Document on which the Integrated ICT-Led Socio-Economic Development Policies and the NICI-2005 Plan are Based

Notes on the Possible Re-alignment of Key Sectors of the Economy as Rwanda Move from a Predominately Agricultural Economy (PAE) to a Predominately Information and Knowledge-based Economy through Implementation of its ICT-led Socio-Economic Development Policies and Plans

The GOR as part of its ICT-led Socio-Economic Development Policies is commitment to implementing a multi-sectoral socio-economic development policy involving (i) the modernization of the agricultural sector to improve its efficiency and productivity to ensure food security, generate rural employment, contribute to economic growth and to improve the foreign exchange generation capacity of the sector; (ii) the development of a competitive high value-added service sector, to generate employment and serve as an engine for accelerated development and economic growth with the potential develop into a business-service hub for the domestic economy, the East Africa sub-region and beyond and (iii) the development of a viable ICT production and development industry, a vibrant cottage industry and a mass-consumer products light industry capable of generating economic growth and employment and producing goods for the domestic market and for export into the sub-regions and beyond.

The ICT-2020 Policy, -- Setting out the orientation of the Government’s ICT Policy and Strategies within context of the GOR’s broad socio-economic development objectives.

The GOR as part of its ICT policy and strategy is committed to simultaneously pursuing both ICT Exploitation and Production policy involving: the utilization and exploitation of ICTs to support the delivery of government services and the activities of various sectors of the economy as well as the production, development and delivery of ICT products and services ---- i.e. towards the development and promotion of an ICT industry and service sector.

The GOR will implement this ICT Policy over a period of twenty years up to the Year 2020 through the implementation of four 5 Year NICI Plans with the 1st, 2nd and 3rd NICI Plans laying emphasis on the exploitation and utilization of ICT products and services to support the delivery of government services and the activities of various sectors of the economy and the 4th NICI Plan laying emphasis on the production, development and delivery of ICT products and services.

Possible re-alignment of the key sectors of the economy as it moves towards PIKE

The diagram below illustrates the possible contributions and re-alignment of the agricultural, service and industrial sectors of the within the context of the implementation of the GOR’s multi-sectoral economic development policy and the ICT-2020 policy.

Comments

1. It is expected that as Rwanda moves its economy from PAE to PIKE (as a result of the implementation of the NICIs) the role of the agriculture sector as a major contributor to the economy will reduce from the current level of close to about 75% to about 60% by 2005, and to close to 50% by 2015 and this is expected to further reduce to less than 40% of the economy by 2020:

2. On the other hand it is expected that the contribution of the targeted lead sectors --- the service sector and the industrial sector will increase marginally at first and then substantially during the second half of the ICT-2020 policy time frame. And by the year 2020, it is envisaged that the combined contribution of the targeted lead sectors to the economy will be close to 60% or more.

3. More importantly, it is envisaged that the contribution of the ICT sub-sectors of the service sector and the industrial sector (i.e. the ICT-production sub-sector) will increase dramatically over the implementation period of the 4 NICI plans spanning the ICT-2020 time frame. Specially, the ICT-production sub-sector which in Year 2000 is estimated to account for about 10% of the economic contribution of the industrial sector is expected to increase to about 80% of the industrial sector's contribution to the economy by the Year 2020. Also the size of the contribution of the ICT services sub-sector of the service sector is expected to increased from about 10% in Year 2000 to about 75% by Year 2020.

4. The rapid expansion of the ICT sub-sectors of the service and the industrial sectors as the targeted lead sectors is crucial for the attainment of the PIKE status by 2020.

5. Also as Rwanda move from PAE to PIKE, within the framework of ICT-2020, it is envisaged that the emphasis on ICT policy option 1 (i.e. on the exploitation of ICTs to support the delivery of government services and the activities of various sectors of the economy) -- within the 1st, 2nd and 3rd NICI Plans will result in a widespread deployment, exploitation and utilization of ICTs throughout the economy and society by the Year 2015.

6. Emphasis could then be shift to ICT policy 2 (i.e. on the production, development and delivery of ICT products and services) --- within the 4th NICI Plan to boast the ICT production sector and the entire ICT industry which will in turn have a spill-over effect on other sectors in particular the other sub-sectors of the industrial sector and the service sector and speed up the process towards achieving a PIKE status by Year 2020.

Notes on the Details of the Vision for Rwanda Mission Strategies for Supporting the NICI Plan Process

The diagram below illustrates the implementation of the Vision for Rwanda Mission Strategies across the various NICIs. It is envisaged that the 1st and the 2nd NICI Plans -- with the goal to support and strengthened the process of developing an economic base and environment for accelerated economic development and growth will be based on all the identified eight Strategies. The 3rd and the 4th NICIs will be based on only some of the key Strategies. A full description of the details of each of these Strategies is provided below.

 Description of the Strategies

1. Strategy A: To transform Rwanda into an IT literate nation

It is envisaged that this Strategy will be implemented within the 1st, 2nd and 3rd NICI Plans. It will therefore be possible to transform Rwanda into an IT literate nation by 2015.

The implementation of Strategy A will require the need for: (i) putting in place special ICT promotion packages, policy instruments and incentives; (ii) developing the necessary human resource capacity in ICTs and in other professional areas; (iii) implementing a number of national ICT applications across all sectors of the economy and society, (iv) mobilizing and deploying the necessary financial and technological resources for implementing relevant ICT programmes identified within the NICI plans for achieving this strategy (v) developing standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the deployment, exploitation and development of ICTs in key sectors and (vi) providing the necessary legal regulatory and institutional framework for support ICT development in Rwanda.

2. Strategy B: To promote and encourage the deployment and utilization of ICTs within the economy and society.

This Strategy will be implemented in all NICI Plans up to the year 2020. The continuous promotion of the deployment and utilization of ICTs within the economy and society would require the (i) putting in place special ICT promotion packages, policy instruments and incentives; (ii) development of the necessary human resources in ICTs and in other professional areas to facilitate the process of ICT deployment and exploitation within the economy and society; (iii) implementation of a number of national ICT applications across all sectors of the economy and the society, (iv) mobilization and deployment of the necessary financial and technological resources, to aid the ICT deployment and exploitation exercise within the economy and society (v) development of standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the deployment, exploitation and development of ICTs in key sectors and (vi) providing the necessary legal regulatory and institutional framework for supporting ICT development in Rwanda.

3. Strategy C: To improve the efficiency of the Civil and Public Service

The modernization of the civil and public service to improve efficiency and service delivery to the public can be achieved within 15 years. Specific programmes to facilitate this process will therefore need to be incorporated into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd NICI Plans. On the whole the implementation of this strategy will require the (i) development of the necessary human resources in ICTs and in other professional areas; (ii) mobilization and deployment of the necessary financial and technological resources, (iii) computerization of the civil and public service as a major civil service modernization exercise and (iv) the development of standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the deployment, exploitation and development of ICTs in the civil and public service organizations

4. Strategy D: To improve the information and communications infrastructure of Rwanda.

It is envisaged that: the vast majority of the programmes needed for implementing this Strategy would have been implemented within fifteen years. It is therefore expected that the bulk of the required national information infrastructure (NII) for Rwanda would have been put in place by the completion of the implementation of the 3rd NICI Plan. However because of the dynamic nature of the ICT landscape which is characterized by rapidly changing and advancing technological offers, it is envisaged that some elements of the infrastructure will need to be updated, enhanced and expanded during the 4th NICI Plan period.

On the whole this strategy will require (i) putting in place special ICT promotion packages, policy instrument and incentives to facilitate the development, expansion and modernization of the national information infrastructure; (ii) developing the critical ICT human resources that will be required for supporting the rehabilitation, and expansion of the national ICT infrastructure (iii) implementing some national ICT applications specifically in the communications sector (iv) mobilizing and deploying the necessary financial and technological resources required for building the national infrastructure (v) developing the necessary standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the process of developing and improving the ICT infrastructure and (vi) providing the necessary legal regulatory and institutional framework for supporting the ICT development process in Rwanda.

5. Strategy E: To transform the educational system using ICTs with the aim to improving accessibility, quality and relevance to the development needs of Rwanda.

It is envisaged that the bulk of the task of transforming and improving the Rwanda educational system can be accomplished within 10 years. This process could be aided by the implementation of targeted ICT programmes, projects and initiatives that could be incorporated into the 1st and 2nd NICI Plans. Specifically the implementation of this strategy will require: (i) developing the necessary human resources in ICTs and in other professional areas; (ii) implementing a number of national ICT applications relevant to the educational system (iii) mobilizing and deploying the necessary financial and technological resources for implementing the necessary educational reform programmes and specific ICT programmes and initiatives targeted at improving the educational delivery system (iv) computerization of the civil and public service, especially the activities and the operations of the Ministry of Education and its organs in the Prefectures and the Communes (v) developing the necessary standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the deployment, exploitation of ICTs in the schools, colleges and the universities and (vi) providing the necessary institutional set-up to support ICT exploitation and development within the educational system, the ICT training provision sector and the research institutions.

6. Strategy F: To improve the human resource development capacity of Rwanda to meet the changing demands of the economy.

It is envisaged that the improvement of the human resource capacity of Rwanda to such a level that it can facilitate and support all key sectors of the economy can be accomplished within ten years. Again ICTs can play a major role in achieving the goals of this Strategy. Specifically human resource development (HRD) programmes will need to be incorporated into the 1st and 2nd NICI Plans aimed at developing and improving the pool of ICT professionals in Rwanda and for developing other professional skills in science, technology and in business.

The implementation of this strategy will on the whole require:(i) putting in place special ICT promotion packages and incentives to encourage the private and public sector organization to invest in the development of human resources to meet their needs (ii) implementing on a national level a number of HRD initiatives to boast up ICT skills and other skill areas (iii) mobilizing and deploying the necessary financial and technological resources to facilitate the implementation of HRD programmes and initiatives (vi) developing the necessary standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the process of HRD in key all sectors of the economy and (vii) providing the necessary and institutional support for facilitating HRD on a national basis.

7. Strategy G: To develop the legal, institutional and regulatory framework and structures required for supporting the deployment and utilization of ICTs within the economy and society.

It is envisaged that the bulk of work involving the development of the legal, regulatory and institutional framework could be carried out in the first two NICI Plan periods. It is however anticipated that some of the work will be carried over to the 3rd and 4th NICIs.

8. Strategy H: To facilitate the process of national reconciliation and reintegration by promoting social and cultural interaction within the society

It is anticipated that the implementation of this Strategy will transcend all four NICI Plans and beyond. ICTs could in some way be used to facilitate the process of social and cultural interaction at all levels of the society, which could translate into facilitating the process of national reconciliation and social reintegration. The realization of the goals of this Strategy could in some way be facilitated by (i) implementing a number of national ICT applications specially targeted at improving the process of social interaction within the communities and (ii) mobilizing and deploying the necessary financial and technological resources to implement specific ICT programmes that support the objectives of this strategy.

General Observations

1. It is envisaged that for Strategies whose implementation span more than one NICI Plans, specific goals or targets for each of the identified programmes, projects and initiatives will be set within each of the NICIs. For example, taking the case of Strategy F, which span the 1st and 2nd NICIs, specific targets/goals will be set for each of the HRD programmes identified for implementation within the 1st NICI Plan and likewise for those programmes targeted for implementation under the 2nd NICI Plan.

2. It is also possible that the same HRD programme implemented in the 1st NICI Plan will also be identified for implementation in the 2nd. In that case, the targets set for the 1st NICI will have to translate into those set for the 2nd NICI. For example, a programme to develop a pool of professional ICT personnel like system analysts could have a specific target in the 1st NICI as: increasing the number of system analysts in Rwanda by ten folds and in the 2nd NICI as: increasing the actual number achieved by the end of the 1st NICI by five folds.

Notes on the SUNRISE Model: A framework for the Development and Implementation of NICI Plans for Rwanda

The SUNRISE model was developed as part of the integrated framework for socio-economic and ICT policy and plans implementation for Rwanda to guide the development of the 1st Five Year NICI Plan (NICI-2005). The model provided a framework for identifying suitable programmes, projects and initiatives for incorporation into the Plan. It is envisaged that this model will be modified on the basis of the outcome of the NICI-2005 to also serve as a framework for developing subsequent NICI plans.

The Goal of the NICI-2005 Plan

The goal of the NICI-2005 is to use the eight Strategies identified for attaining the stated Missions of the Vision for Rwanda to support the development of the necessary economic base and environment to facilitate the process of moving Rwanda from a PAE to a PIKE. The NICI-2005 will therefore provide the spring-board from which Rwanda can take-off to achieve the transformation of its economy to a PIKE by implementing subsequent NICIs [NICI-2010, NICI-2015 and NIC-2020].

Supporting the development of the 'take-off base' using NICI-2005 will require:

• the implementation of special ICT promotion packages, policy instrument and incentives;

• the development of the necessary human resources in ICTs and other professional areas;

• the implementation a number of national ICT applications across all sectors,

• the mobilization and the deployment of the necessary financial and technological resources to support the implementation of targeted programmes and initiatives;

• the modernization of the civil and public service, -- one aspect of this being the computerization of their activities and operations;

• the development of standards, best practices and guidelines to guide the deployment, exploitation and development of ICTs in key sectors and

• provision of the necessary legal, regulatory and institutional framework to support ICT development in Rwanda.

Components of the SUNRISE Framework

The elements of the SUNRISE model were developed based of the goal of NICI-2005 as defined above. Each of these components corresponds to a letter in the phrase 'SUNRISE'.

S -- Special ICT Promotion Packages, Incentive Programmes and Policy Instruments

U --- Universal Human Resource Development Programme

N ---- National ICT Initiatives (NICTIs)

R ---- Resource (Financial and Technological) Mobilization and Deployment

I ----- Integrated Civil and Public Service Computerization Programme

S ---- Standards, Practices and Guidelines for ICT Deployment and Exploitation

E ---- Enabling Legal Regulatory and Institutional Framework

To facilitate the process of promoting the development and exploitation of ICTs in the economy and society, the GOR will need to put in place special policy packages, incentive programmes and policy instruments. It will therefore be necessary for the government to take necessary policy and programmatic initiatives that will facilitate the process of moving Rwanda towards predominately an information and knowledge-base economy (PIKE) in the shortest possible time.

U --- Universal Human Resource Development Programme

Human resource problem has been identified as one of the main obstacles to socio-economic development in Rwanda. The urgent need for putting in place a comprehensive universal human resource development programme to develop the ICT skill and other professional skill capacity for Rwanda has been acknowledged. Within this background, a key component of the SUNRISE model for developing NICI-2005 is putting in place a number of human resource development programmes and initiatives.

N ---- National ICT Initiatives (NICTIs)

For ICTs to assist the developmental process and make its impact felt within the economy and society, it will not be enough for the government to put in place a number of special ICT promotion packages, policy instruments, and incentive programmes. Equally important is the need to implement a number of national ICT Initiatives (NICTIs) across all sectors, especially in the lead sectors identified within the ICT-2020 Policy framework. Some of these applications, which will be executed as projects and programmes may be targeted specifically at aiding the delivery of government services; the dissemination of information; facilitating the introduction of computers into schools; supporting the implementation of government policy and plans in areas like: rural development, decentralization, good governance and democratic participation; institutional and capacity building among others.

R ----- Resource (Financial and Technological) Mobilization and Deployment

Apart from the development and mobilization of human resources, as critical factors for ICT development, deployment and exploitation to aid the socio-economic development process in Rwanda, there is also the need to mobilize the necessary financial and other technological resources without which most of the programmes and initiatives identified for implementation under NICI-2005 will not be possible. For example, the development of the required human resources and the implementation of the NICTIs will all require considerable financial resources. Also the implementation of some of the NICTIs will require the need to put in place the necessary technological infrastructure. The mobilization and deployment of the necessary financial and technological resources is therefore crucial for the implementation of the 1st and subsequent NICI Plans.

I ----- Integrated Civil and Public Service Computerization Programme

The modernization of the civil and public service is an on-going government exercise. It has been acknowledged that a modernize and efficient civil and public service is a prerequisite for socio-economic development in Rwanda and ICTs can play a facilitating role in this area. An integrated programme to computerize the activities and operations of the of the civil and public service has been identified as a key component of the modernization process. This will assist in improving the efficiency and service delivery operations of the civil and public service.

S ---- Standards, Best Practices and Guidelines for ICT Deployment and Exploitation

The deployment, exploitation and the development of ICTs in Rwanda will need to be guided by some standards, best practices and guidelines.

E ---- Enabling Legal. Regulatory and Institutional Framework

The development and the exploitation of ICTs in the economy and society will need to be supported and facilitated by necessary legal provisions and legislation, regulatory framework and provisions as well as institutional structures.

SUNRISE + 1: NICI Performance Monitoring and Evaluation

The SUNRISE framework also take into account the need for incorporation into the NICI implementation framework a programme for continuous performance monitoring and evaluation of the NICI-2005 programmes, initiatives and projects.

This monitoring and evaluation process will facilitate the taking of corrective measures if the stated targets, goals or objectives of a given programme is not being met or achieved during the life of the NICI Plan. It is also possible that some of the corrective measures may involve the drawing up of new programmes, initiatives and plan-actions for implementation within the current NICI or subsequent ones.

The NICI plan monitoring and evaluation process will also facilitate the process of amending the details of the SUNRISE model to guide the identification and development of suitable programmes for incorporation into subsequent NICIs. The monitoring and evaluation framework will therefore serve as the main driving force for facilitating transition from one NICI to another.

Notes on the NICI Development Process: The NICI Cycle

The actual NICI development, implementation process (the NICI circle) will involve the following stages:

Stage 1: Identification and Selection of Programmes, Projects and Initiatives for incorporation into the NICI Plan

This process is to be guided by the: ICT-2020 Policy Framework, and the Socio-Economic Development Policy Framework Guidelines (the formulation of both of which are based on the objectives of the Vision 2020, and the GOR development policy strategies and priorities). This process will also be guided by the SUNRISE model in case of NICI-2005 or a version of this model in the case of subsequent NICIs.

Stage 2: The Development of Programme Profiles for each of the identified NICI programmes, projects and initiatives.

This Programme Profile will document among other things: the objectives and the description of the programme, programme targets, its ICT-2020 and socio-economic development policy relevance, which NICI it belongs to and so on.

Stage 3: The Implementation, and Monitoring of the Programmes, Projects and Initiatives

This will involve the actual implementation of the programme within the given time frame and monitoring its performance to facilitate corrective measures if the need arises

Stage 4: Evaluation of the Performance of the NICI against set targets/goals of each of its programmes, projects and objectives

This will be done at the end of the NICI implementation exercise to evaluate the extent to which programme targets or goals have been achieved

Stage 5: The Development of the next NICI.

The NICI Cycle

Notes on an Integrated Socio-Economic Policy Development and a Dynamic NICI Planning and Implementation Framework for Rwand

The diagram below is an illustration of the integrated framework for socio-economic policy development and NICI planning and implementation for Rwanda. It depicts the inter-relationships between the key components developed in this study for facilitating a SUNRISE model-driven dynamic NICI Plan development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation within the context of the proposed ICT-2020 Policy framework, the Socio-Economic Development Policy framework guidelines and the Eight Strategies identified for achieving the stated Missions of the Vision for Rwanda which takes accounts of the objectives of the Vision 2020.

In a nutshell, the SUNRISE model (for guiding the development of the 1st NICI) or a variation of it (for guiding the development of subsequent NICIs) will provide the necessary dynamic transition from one NICI Plan to another, with the programme content of each of these NICIs set within the background of the integrated socio-economic and ICT policy and plan development and implementation framework developed for achieving the Missions of the GOR vision for the future.

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Appendix 2:

The NICI-2005 Plan Steering Committee

The NICI-2005 Plan Steering Committee was set-up by His Excellency President Paul Kagame in August 2000 to co-ordinate the development of Rwandan’s 1st National Information and Communication Infrastructure (NICI) Plan for 2001 to 2005 (NICI-2005) to be based on the GOR’s Integrated Socio-Economic Development Policy approved by the Cabinet.

The work of the Committee was facilitated by an Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) Consultant – acting as the Resource Person and Facilitator responsible for preparing the various Drafts of the Plan and the associated Working Documents on which the Committee deliberated on at its working sessions. The Committee had three working sessions and discussed three separate Drafts of the Plan. The current Draft, which is the Final Draft of the Plan (as per this document) prepared by the Consultant was discussed by the Committee at its final session on 5^th March 2001. The Final Plan will be produced by the Consultant for submission to the Cabinet after the Ministerial level Seminar scheduled for April 2001 to discuss the details of the Final Draft.

Membership of the Committee

1. Mr Ephraim Rutaboba, Secretary General, MINITRACO (Co-ordinator)
2. Professor Silas Rwakabamba, Rector, Kigali Institute of Science Technology and Management (KIST)
3. Dr. David Himbara, Principal Private Secretary to the President, Office of the President
   (Alternate: Mr. Claver Gatete, Director General, Economic Affairs, Office of the President)
4. Dr. Ephrem Ruzindana, Director, Information Technology Services, Ministry of Defence
5. Mr. Gaston Bushayija, Director, Management Information Systems Department, Central Bank of Rwanda
6. Mr. Pipiani Hakizabera, Executive Secretary, Rwandan Private Sector Federation
7. Mr. Charles Semapondo, Technical Director, Rwandatel
8. Mr. Emmanuel Rugomboka, Technical Manager, Kigali Institute of Science Technology and Management (KIST)

Co-opted Members

Dr. Pius Ndayambaje, ICT Advisor to the President, Office of the President
Mr. Assumani Bizimana, Director of Communications, MINITRACO

Resource Person and Facilitator

Professor Clement K. Dzidonu
* President & CEO, International Institute for Information Technology (INIIT).
* Chairman, Dept. of Computer Science, Valley View University.
* ICT Consultant, Economic Commission for African (ECA)