Nigeria

University of Lagos

General Information:

Department in Focus:

The Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics (Formally known as Department of Surveying), started as a sub-department of Civil Engineering Department in 1970. The initial programme of the sub-department at the time was a two-year postgraduate course of studies and research leading to an M.Sc. (Surveying) degree. Graduates in fields cognate to surveying were admitted into the programme.

In October 1973, a full-fledged Department of Surveying was established. The first set of undergraduate students in surveying were admitted in October 1974. Today, the Department also runs postgraduate programmes leading to the M.Sc., M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees in Surveying and Geoinformatics as well as Master of Geoinformatics (Executive programme).

Prior to the establishment of the sub-department, four final year students, who in September 1966 withdrew from University of Nigeria, Nsukka, as a result of civil disturbances in the country, were absorbed by the Department of Civil Engineering to complete their degree programme in surveying by special arrangement with the Federal Surveys Department. The students graduated with B.Sc. degree in Surveying in 1967.

The discipline of Surveying has grown rapidly in the last half of this century. First, it was the surveying and mapping requirements of the second world war which led to the development of aerial survey techniques, known as photogrammetry, which in turn revolutionised mapping methods. There was, also, the tremendous development in the field of electronics, which made possible a revolution in distance measuring methods leading to the introduction of a new family of equipment in surveying Known as Electromagnetic Distance measuring (EDM) equipment. And recently, particularly in the last 15-20 years, the advances made in computer and information technology as well as space techniques have again greatly influenced survey methods, both in data acquisition, processing and management. New instrumentation such as the total station, digital levelling equipment, electronic field books, the global positioning system (GPS), the analytical plotters and digital mapping equipment, etc have emerged. When the new instrumentation in surveying is combined with the availability of fast speed computers with large storage capacities, new data processing and management methods have emerged, making geoinformatics, Remote Sensing techniques and digital Mapping methods increasingly important and popular. These developments dictate the direction of growth of the science of Surveying and Geoinformatics shifting the emphasis from mere data acquisition to include data storage, retrieval, manipulation and management.

In view of the above, it became incumbent on the department to review its programme in order to align its curriculum with the new developments in the Surveying field. The trend elsewhere is that many Departments of Surveying overseas, have not only reviewed their programmes, but had also changed the names of their departments to Geomatics, Geoinformatics or Geomatics Engineering as the case may be, so as to reflect these developments.

The need to change the name of the department which it had been identified with for many years, is partly due to the very narrow interpretation given the term "surveying" by the general public and the resulting difficulties in student recruitment, and partly to reflect the tremendous impact the advances in technology and modern techniques has had on the surveying profession. The first concerted effort at realising this goal was made at a Faculty Board of Studies meeting in 1996/97 session, in which many names were proposed.

At several departmental meetings, this issue was hotly debated. Members often suggested names in line with their leanings, However, the department was able to arrive at a unanimous decision on this issue at a departmental meeting held on 15th January 1998. The name adopted is: "Surveying and Geoinformatics". The name Surveying and Geoinformatics portrays a discipline that deals with acquisition, analysis, storage, distribution, management and application of spatially referenced data.

The Surveyor, as defined and produced at the University of Lagos, is a professional and a geoscientist well equipped to provide spatial and other environmental information necessary for designing and planning of engineering works as well as in the location and exploitation of natural resources. His excellent background in computer science, mathematics and physics, gives him added confidence to tackle problems of diverse nature. He is given comprehensive training in Geomatics which include inter alia Land Surveying, Geodesy, Hydrography, Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, Cartography and Geoinformatics.

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME

In conformity with other departments in the Faculty of Engineering, the undergraduate curriculum is a five-year programme. To give strong engineering flavour to our programme, our first year students share the same courses with students in the other departments. They also take the same Engineering Mathematics at all levels. The long vacations of the second and third years, and the whole of second semester of the forth year are spent in the industrial attachment scheme. As part of the degree requirements, each student is also required to undertake an independent research project supervised by an academic staff.

Our bachelor's degree curriculum has been reviewed to include new subject -areas such as computer applications, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing, Digital Mapping, and Environmental Management. The new curriculum promises to prepare our students, in addition to their traditional roles as surveyors, for a new role also as information managers, environmental and coastal management experts, as well remote sensing experts. The new programme also incorporates the General studies (GST) courses, which have been taught in the last two or three years as stipulated by the university.

A . ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

The current admission requirements in the Faculty of Engineering are applicable to the Department.

B . GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS.

To be eligible for the award of a degree, a student must pass a minimum total number of units in a five-year programme, including the University course requirements as follows:

(a) University Requirements

General Studies (GST, GAS) (12 units)

(b) (i) Faculty Requirement 54 units

(ii) Departmental Requirements (126 units)

(iii) Industrial Experience (12 units)

Total (192 units)

Satisfactory completion of three periods of industrial experience is required for a degree. These will be accomplished in three periods, the first of not less than 10 weeks during die long vacation following year 11, the second period of not less than 10 weeks following year III and the third of not less than 26 weeks during the second semester of year IV and the vacation following 12 units are granted for industrial experience.

C. COURSE CONTENT

YEAR I FIRST SEMESTER

YEAR I SECOND SEMESTER

YEAR II FIRST SEMESTER

YEAR II SECOND SEMESTER

YEAR III FIRST SEMESTER

YEAR III SECOND SEMESTER

YEAR IV FIRST SEMESTER

YEAR IV SECOND SEMESTER

YEAR V FIRST SEMESTER

YEAR V SECOND SEMESTER

D. COURSES DESCRIPTION

SVY 101 - HISTORY OF SURVEYING (1 UNIT)

General history of Surveying from Greek to the modem era. Definition, principles and uses of Surveying. Fields of study in Surveying. Surveying instruments. Units of measurement. Vernier systems; construction and use of Vernier in surveying instruments. Care of instruments. Practice of surveying. Qualities of a Surveyor. History of surveying in Nigeria. Important figures in the history of surveying. National and international organisations.

SVY 102 - BASIC SURVEYING I (1 UNIT)

Design, adjustment, care and use of surveying instruments including modern levels, theodolites tachometers. Chain surveying. Chains, Steel bands/tapes, linen tapes, surface taping, off-sets, sources of error, accuracy, corrections. Theodolite and compass traversing, computations and adjustment. Principles of levelling, sources of' error. Horizontal and vertical staff systems. Tachometry and telemetery, subtence bar and its uses. Preparation of large scale plans, grid levelling, contourig, and plan revision.

FSC 105 - INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS I (3 UN ITS)

Physical quantities, standards and units, Kinematics: uniform velocity motion, uniform acceleration motion. Dynamics: Newton's laws of motion. Newton's universal law of gravitation. Work, energy, conservation laws. Concept of mechanical equilibrium. Centre of mass and centre of gravity. Moment of a force. Rotational motion, angular momentum and torque. Total mechanical energy; elasticity, Hooke's laws, Young's, shear and bulk modulus Hydrostatics; Pressure, buoyancy, Archimedes' principle. Elements of hydrodynamics. Molecular properties of fluids, viscosity, surface tension, ,adhesion, cohesion, capillarity, drops and bubbles. Temperature mid Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Quantity of heat. Heat transfer. Gas laws. First and second laws of thermodynamics. Application to kinetic theory of gases.

PHS 101 - INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS II (3 UNITS)

Geometrical optics; law of reflection and refraction. Location of images. and curved mirrors. Converging and diverging thin lenses. Aberrations. The Eye. Optical instruments. Simple Harmonic Motion. Wave motion and wave types. Dispersion. Production of sound in strings and pipes resonance; applications. Simple description of diffraction and interference, applications to both light and sound waves. Polarisation of transverse waves. Atomic structure. Production and properties of X-rays. Radioactivity. Photoelectric emission.

Prerequisites: FSC 105 or Credit in O.L. Physics

PHS 102 - INTRODUTORY PHYSICS III (3 UNITS)

Electrostatics, potential and capacitance, dielectrics, production and measurement of static electricity. Current, Ohm's law, resistance and resistivity, heating. Galvanometers, Voltmeters and Ammeters. D.C. circuits, sources of emf and currents, Kirchhoff's laws. Electrochemistry. The Earth's magnetic field. Magnetic fields and induction. Faraday's and Lenz's laws. Force on a current carrying conductor. BiotSavart law. Flemming's right and left-hand rules, motors and generators.

Prerequisites: FSC 105 or Credit in O.L. Physics.

PHS 103 - INTRODUCTORY PRACTICAL PHYSICS (2 UNITS)

Simple experiments illustrating the key topics covered in FSC 105, PHS 101 and PFIS 102 theoretical courses.

SVY 201 - BASIC SURVEYING II (3 UNITS)

Location and setting out of works: roads, bridges, railways, tunnels, pipelines, and building. Setting out of simple, compound, reverse and Volumes, Sectioning, Longitudinal and cross profiles. Calculation of volumes from contours, spot heights and sections. Curvature correction in earthwork. measurements.

Prerequisite: SVY 101, SVY 102

PHS 201 - CLASSICAL MECHIANICS (2 UNITS)

Review of co-ordinate transformations. Particle kinematics and dynamics. Systems of' particles, Central orbits - Keplerian case. Elementary motion of rigid bodies. Newtonian gravitation. Conservative forces and potentials. Defects of Newtonian mechanics and the essence of special relativity.

Prerequisites: FSC 105

SVY 202 - ENGINEERING SURVEYING (3 UNITS)

Basic principles, use of topographic maps. Methods of obtaining field data for topographic surveys, levelling, barometric heighting. Planning of control surveys, recce, selection of stations, station marking, description and recovery. Field procedures and observations, plane tabling, minor triangulation, trilateration and traversing. Intersection and resection: numerical, graphical and semi-graphical methods. Field completion and detail surveys. Plotting and reproduction of plans/maps

Prerequisite: SVY 102, SVY 101

SVY 204 - REMOTE SENSING I (3UNITS)

General theory of non-contact mapping methods and their advantages. Electromagnetic

Radiation and interaction with mastery E-M spectrum especially the optical wave/lengths. Types and design of electromagnetic sensors. The photographic camera, Radiometers, thermal scanners and multispectral scanners. Sensor platforms. Introduction to digital processing. Elements of photo-interpretation.

SVY 206 - COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SURVEYING I (2 UNITS)

History of Computers; classification of Computers; Computer configuration; functions and components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU); types of CPU; operating systems (DOS, UNIX VMS); file editing and management; database management systems; spreadsheet.

PHS 207 - OPTICS (2 UNITS)

Geometrical optics; image formation and location in both thin and thick lenses; principal planes, nodal planes, focal planes. Interference, diffraction and polarization. Masers and lasers; holography; dispersion and scattering.

Prerequisites: PHS 101, PHS 102, or A.L. PHYSICS (Attempt)

PHS 208 - INTRODUCTORY ASTROPHYSICS (2 UNITS)

Structure, origin, evolution of stars, galaxies, planets etc.

Prerequisites: MAT 101, MAT 102, and A.L. PHYSICS (Attempt)

SVY 210 - PHOTOGRAMMETRY I (3 UNITS)

Definition and general introduction. Photographic principles and optical characteristics. Properties of aerial photograph. Elementary mapping from photographs e.g. Radial line and slotted template methods of producing planimetric maps. Use of the sketchmaster and

Stereopretts. Preparation of photomosaics. Parallax measurement and Weighting

procedures. Preparation of thematic maps.

PHS 220 - PRACTICAL PHYSICS I (1 UNITS)

PHS 221 - PRACTICAL PHYSICS II (1 UNITS)

PHS 261 - GEOPHYSICS I (3 UNITS)

Gravity Methods: Newton's gravitation; applications. Instruments: gravimeters; Zero-

length spring. Densities: rocks and ores. Magnetic Methods: definitions; concepts. Geomagnetism; origin; properties of rocks. Gravity and Magnetic field survey; instruments data processing: interpretations. Field work. The earth internal structure and constitution.

PHS 301 - CLASSICAL MECHANICS (3 UNITS)

Degrees of freedom generalized coordinates; constraints; Lagrange's formulation of mechanics; applications. The calculus of variations and the principle of least action; geodesics. Hamilton's formulation of mechanics; applications. Invariance and conservation laws. Two-body central force problems; moving frames of reference. Forced and coupled oscillations: normal modes. Rigid body motion.

Prerequisites: PHS 201

SVY 302 - GEODETIC SURVEYING (3 UNITS)

Higher order surveying instrument: use, care, and accuracy. Control surveys. Design of first and second order control surveys. Triangulation, trilateration and traverse networks. Precise levelling, level networks, dynamic and orthometric corrections. Satellite stations. Laplace equations for control of triangulation, trilateration and traverse networks. Sources of errors. Computation of geodetic coordinates. Adjustment of control networks, approximate and precise methods.

Prerequisite: SVY 201

SVY 305 - CADASTRAL SURVEYING I (3 UNITS)

Field and office methods of property surveys. Principles of subdivision of properties.

Physical layout, building lines, utility lines. Origins and corrections. Principles. Cadastral

Survey Records. Boundaries, riparian, littoral, inter-state and national. Control Surveys.

Location of sequence conveyances and reversion rights. Mining claims mid Milling

Surveys.

SVY 306 - CADASTRAL SURVEYING I (3 UNITS)

Organisation and procedure for Cadastral Surveys. Customary land system, interests wid Rights in land. Final product, Deeds and Title Registration Systems. Registrable instrument. Deeds registry. Defects of the deed registration system. Title Registration Act, procedure and practice. Registered Land Act and Land Use Act (1978). Comparative Cadastral systems: Commonwealth, Africa.

SVY 307 - SPHERICAL AND FILED ASTRONOMY (3 UNITS)

The nature of Universe and the Solar system. The celestial sphere. Solution of spherical triangles. Astronomical co-ordinate systems. Astronomical triangle. Time systems. star

catalogues and charts. Use of "Star Almanac for Surveyor". Solar and stellar observations. Astronomical and instrumental corrections to observed altitudes and azimuths. Determination of Azimuth: ex-meridian altitudes of sun or star, hour angle of' Polaris or Octantis, circumpolar star near elongation. Detem-dnati6n of Longitude: altitude of East-West sun or East-West star. Position Line method. Field procedures, instrumentation and computations. Sources of error and their correction.

Prerequisite: PHS 207, PHS 208

SVY 308 - GEODETIC ASTRONOMY 3 UNITS

Co-ordinate systems and their variations: precession, nutation, polar motion and proper motion. Reduction of star ii. - Time systems: sidereal, universal, ephemeris and atomic, Time conversions and variations. Determination of first and second order astronomic positions and azimuths: Theory, instrumentation, computation and analysis of results. Reduction of observations. Geodetic uses of astronomic position. Astrogeodetic geoids.

Prerequisite: PHS 208

SVY 309 - ADJUSTMENT COMPUTATION 1 (3 UNITS)

Review of matrix operations. Theory of Errors. Least Squares method, Basic and Matrix approaches. Derivation of Condition equations. Observation equations. Statistical analysis. Application

Prerequisite : EAG 102, EAG 202

SVY 310 - ELECTRONIC SURVEYING (3 UNITS)

History of electronic surveying. Review of properties of electromagnetic waves, formation, modulation and propagation. Principles of phase comparison. Group velocity. Transmitters, Receivers, Antenna. Electromagnetic Distance Measuring instruments. Microwave systems, electro-optical system, Tellurometer, Geodimeter; e.t.c., operating principles. Laser and infra red systems. Errors; instrumental and atmospheric. Radar ranging. Interferometric methods of baseline measurements .

Prerequisite: EEG 201

SVY 311 - HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING I (3 UNITS)

Introduction to Hydrography, coastal processes - Waves, tides, tidal streams, currents including longshore, river and tidal density, chart and sounding datums. Determination of sea level and mean sea level, tide poles and tide gauges. Two-dimensional positioning it sea, bathymetry, positioning accuracies. Measurement systems, optical and electronic methods, sources of errors. introduction to satellite navigation and positioning.

SVY 312 - COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SURVEYING II (3 UNITS)

Review of Computer Programming Languages, Flow charts. Algorithms. BASIC Language, FORTRAN Language. Development of simple programs and routines for basic surveying operations: traversing, levelling, triangulation, etc. Development of FORTRAN Programs for Least Squares Solution of Photogrammetric, Geodetic and hydrographic problems. Object-oriented Programming Language e.g. C++.

Prerequisite: SVY 206

SVY 313 - PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM I (3 UNITS)

Definitions and Basic concepts. Elementary Mathematical concepts (graph theory, set theory and topology). Components of a GIS. Field-based and object-based concepts of real world. Spatial Data Models: 2D, 3D and 4D Model; tessellation data models; vector data models, tessellation versus vector spatial relationships: metric, topologic and spatial order. Data quality aspect: positional accuracy, attribute accuracy, logical consistency, completeness and lineage.

Prerequisite: SVY 206, EAG 202, EAG, 203

SVY 314 - PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM II (3 UNITS)

Semantic data modelling: entity relationship and extended entity relationship modelling. Conventional database structures (relational, network and hierarchic). Object Oriented data modelling: object, classification, generalization/ specialization, aggregation, association, inheritance, propagation, encapsulation, persistence, polymorphism and overloading. Object-relational data structure. Applications: topographic, Cadastral, utility, and environmental database.

Prerequisite: SVY 206, EAG 202, EAG 203

SVY 316 - DIGITAL MAPPING I (2 UNITS)

Elementary computer graphics; Digital representation of graphic objects: Point, line and polygonal elements. Digital representation of Cartographic symbols and name placement. Elementary data structures.

Prerequisite: SVY 201, SVY 202, SVY 206

SVY 401 - MAP PROJECTIONS (3 UNITS)

Historical development of maps. Geometry of the ellipsoid. Gaussian Fundamental quantities. Theory of Distortions. Conic, Cylindrical and Azimuthal projections. Transverse Mercator projection, Universal Traverse Mercator System, Nigerian modified system. Concept of confidential projections, use of Cauchy-Rieman's equations. General theory of projection from ellipsoid to sphere.

Prerequisite: EAG 203

SVY 405 MINING AND UNDERGROUND SURVEYS (3 UNITS)

Definition. Mining and underground surveying Techniques. Design of underground survey networks. Mine orientation, mechanical and optical shaft plumbing, gyroscopic methods, laser, etc. Accuracies. The Gyrotheodolite, operation and accuracy. Sources of error. Volume determination. Survey of boreholes.

Prerequisite: SVY301

SVY409 - POTENTIALTHEORYANDSPHERICALILONICS (2 UNITS)

Potential Theory. Theory of the Potential - gravitational and attractions, rings, annuli, infinite plates; and solid bodies. Laplace equations, Harmonic functions, Sperical harmonics (Spheres and spheroids).

Prerequisite: EAG 104

SVY 411 - PROJECT SURVEYING AND DESIGN (3 UNITS)

Project design and analysis - pre-analysis, design, observation and computation, post analysis and interpretation of results. Route Surveys; final measurements; pipeline networks; crustal movements: monitoring of dams, high-rise buildings, flooding, erosion, desertification, sea level changes. Gravity surveys geophysical surveys. Design of gravity network observation techniques and instrumentation: processing of gravity observations. Practical.

Prerequisite. SVY 302, EAG 202

SVY 413 - PHOTOGRATRY AND REMOTE SENSING I (3 UNITS)

Review of non-contact mapping methods. Electro- magnetic sensors and their calibration. Data collection and data recording techniques. Photogrammetric restitution instruments and procedures. Summary of analogue photogrammetric method. Introduction to analytical photogrammetric methods. Elements of digital data processing. Image correction and classification methods.

Prerequisites: SVY 204, SVY 210, PHS 207

SVY 415 - INTRODUCTION TO GEODESY (3 UNITS)

Fundamentals of Geodesy: definitions, aims, scope and developments. Techniques (Classical and Modern). Coordinate System: terrestrial and celestial coordinate systems, satellite coordinate system, inertial coordinates, Curvilinear and Cartesian coordinate systems. Three-dimensional geodesy, point positioning (astro and satellite), relative Positioning, absolute geodetic positioning.

Prerequisite: EAG 203

SVY 417 - DIGITAL MAPPING II (2 UNITS)

Raster and vector graphics, Hardware and software graphic systems. Coordinate transformation for orthogonal and perspective projections. Data structures for Computer Graphics; 2D graphic; 3D graphic, map analysis.

Perquisites: SVY 316, SVY 313, SVY 312

SVY 501 - ADJUSTMENT COMPUTATION II (3 UNITS)

Introduction to least squares estimation. Linear least squares estimation. Non linear squares estimation. Matrices; diagonalization. Review of partitioning of matrices. Least squares adjustment techniques, Condition equations Observation equations, Combined

method, weight estimations. Applications.

Prerequisite: SVY 309, SVY 312

SVY 502 - ADJUSTMENT CONTUTATION III (3 UNITS)

Generalised least squares model, Linear and non-linear models. Solution of' Normal Equations. Treatment of large geodetic networks. Addition of observations and

parameters. Removal of observations. application of constraints. Quality Control: Statistical analysis, error ellipse and ellipsoid, internal and external reliability. Applications.

Prerequisite: SVY 309, SVY 312

SVY503 - SPECLAL STUDIES IN DIGITAL REMOTESENSING (3 UNITS)

Sensor Platforms. Geometry of artificial satellite orbits. GPS Positioning, Fundamentals of Pattern recognition; functions. Pattern classifier concepts. Digital image processing. Pre-processing of RS data, Image enhancement techniques, Image Transforms. Filtering. Classification techniques.

Prerequisite: SVY 413

SVY 504 - SPECIAL STUDIES IN (ANALYTICAL AND DIGITAL)

PHOTOGRAMMETRY (3 UNITS)

Full procedures of mapping by photogrammetric method. Project planning/costing of photogrammetric projects, writing of specifications. Analytical and digital

instrumentation. Applications of photogrammetry to engineering problems. Special topics. Photogrammetry and Geographic information System (GIS).

Prerequisites: SVY 316, SVY 417

SVY 505 SURVEY LAWS AND REGULATIONS (3 UN ITS)

Property Law, Survey Laws and Regulations. CAP 194 and other relevant Survey legislations and decrees including their amendments. Surveys Laws in Mining Surveys. Town Planning, etc. The Land Use Etc.

SVY 506 - PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE & ETHICS (3 UNITS)

Professional practice. Professional Bodies. Code of Ethics Costing of Cadastral, Topographical, Engineering and Hydrographic Surveys. Costing of Mapping projects,

Proposal writing.

SVY 508 - HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING II (3 UNITS)

Sounding, wave propagation, Mathews chart, vertical beam, Echo Sounder. Instrumentation, operation, calibration. Acoustic waves. Ports development and port management, Sweeping, side looking sonar, multibeam sonar, electronic sweeping. Elements of Oceanography, tides, currents, temperature, salinity, and Dredging and Channelisation pressure measurement sedimentation, Beach erosion. Modern techniques in Hydrography.

Prerequisite: SVY 313

SVY 509 - GEOMETRIC GEODESY (3 UNITS)

Geometry of an ellipse. Geodetic, geocentric and reduced latitudes. Computation of latitude differences. space Rectangular co-ordinates. Radii of curvature and Gaussian Mean Radius. Lengths and Areas on the ellipsoid. Radii of spherical approximations to the ellipsoid. Curves on the ellipsoid, Normal Section, Geodetic. Arc lengths of Normal Sections. Separations between Reciprocal Normal Sections. Special properties of' Geodetic. Solutions of the direct and inverse problems on the sphere and ellipsoid Geodetic dawn and use of ellipsoid as a reference surface. Transformations of coordinates from one datum to another.

Prerequisite: SVY 415

SVY 510 - PHYSICAL GEODESY (3 UNITS)

The earth and its gravity field, potentials, gravity anomalies, geoidal undulation and deflections of the vertical. Geopotential numbers, Height systems: orthometric, dynamic and normal height systems. The earth, its size and shape: actual shape; approximations (geoid and other figures of the earth). Gravity observations: absolute and relative gravity reductions and gravity anomalies.

Prerequisite. SVY 409, 415

SVY 513 - SATELLITE GEODESY (2 UNITS)

Review of the basic concepts. Positioning methods: dynamic and geometric observation equations. Error models. TRANSIT and NAVSTAR GPS systems. Integration of satellite data with other geodetic network data. Other applications .

Prerequisite: SVY 415

SVY 515 - APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (2 UNITS)

Field observation, evaluation and analysis of Geophysical data as applicable in Seismology gravimetry. Electrical methods, 1P resistivity and magnetism.

Prerequisite: PHS 261, EEG 201

SVY 516 - MARINE SURVEYING (2 UNITS)

Coastal Engineering, siltation and erosion, coastal zone management, improvement and rectification of channels and fairways, channel marking. Surveys relating to the demarcation of harbour limits. Laws relating to shipping and harbours. Position fixing, large scale Surveys. Special Surveys for dredging, etc. Offshore surveys. Effects of wind and wave on sea bed. Oceanographic equipment. Tidal current measurement on the continental shelf.

Prerequisite: SVY 311

SVY 517 - PHOTOG TRY AND REMOTE SENSING II (3 UNITS)

Special methods in Remote Sensing. Production of DTM from satellite imageries, production of small scale maps. Special applications of RS methods. Terrestrial Photogrammetric methods and their application. Unity of RS and Photogrammetric methods. Applications in route surveying.

Prerequisite: SVY 413, SVY 417

SVY 519 - MATHEMATICAL GEODESY (3 UNITS)

Mathematical techniques used in geodesy: least squares prediction, approximation, vector analysis, matrix operations, special functions - spherical harmonies, Fourier and integral transforms.

Prerequisite: SVY 415, EAG 401

SVY 523 - INTRODUTTION TO COASTAL MANAGEMENT (2 UNITS)

Basic concepts. Coasts, coastlines, beaches; beach barriers and dunes, beach evolution, beach erosion, measurement and computation. Activities on the coastal area - fishing, construction works, dredging, oil exploration and exploitation etc. Planning for development on the coast. Impacts of development activities on the coast, response measures, basic concepts of environmental impact assessment. Impact of natural pi.6cesses on the coast.

SVY 525 - GIS TOOLS AND APPLICATION (3 UNITS)

GIS Subsystems: data collection and input, data storage and retrieval, data manipulation and analysis, visualization and reporting. Structured Query Language (SQL). Database Management Systems (DBMS): types and functions; Review of some existing GIS Software. Database Design steps and implementation.

Specific study of a topic under one of the following three areas: (student is required to submit a term paper on die chosen topic e.g.):

(a) Topographic Information System

(b) Cadastral Information System

(c) Environmental Information System.

For the chosen area, the study must focus on concept, design considerations (factors and design phases), data requirements and modelling, and selection of implementation hardware and software.

Prerequisite: SVY 302, SVY 413, SVY 303

SVY 528 CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY (3 UNITS)

Close-range cameras and other acquisition systems, such as electron microscope and X-ray equipment, Calibration of close-range acquisition systems. Examples of applications in biometrics, engineering, architecture and traffic accident.,

Pre-requisite: SVY 210, SVY 413

HIGHER DEGREE PROGRAMMES

Programmes are designed for candidates wishing to obtain the degrees of Master Science (M.Sc.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Surveying and Geoinformatics. Areas of specialisation include Geodesy, Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, Hydrographic Surveying and Geospatial information systems. The department also offers a professional degree of Master of Geoinformatics.

Apart from the general regulations governing postgraduate studies in the University of Lagos, the following regulations shall apply.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE

I. INTRODUCTION

The M.Sc. degree programme is designed to last 12 calendar months, and consists of' course work and a research project.

II. ADMISSION REQUIREMENT

The programme is open to candidates who must possess either of the following qualifications, and who may be required to satisfy the department in a selection process.

(a) B.Sc. (Surveying) degree or equivalent of the University or any other approved University.

(b) B.Sc. degree in Mathematics, Engineering, Physics or Geography (with Mathematics) and, in addition, a postgraduate diploma in Surveying from this University or from any other approved institution.

III. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

To obtain the M.Sc. degree, a candidate must, in addition to satisfying all requirements of the School of Postgraduate Studies, take and pass a minimum of 25 units at the 800level made up as follows:

(a) 12 units of the Compulsory courses

(b) 6 units from Specialization area

(c) 3 units of Elective

(d) 4 units of the Research Project.

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (M.Phil)

I. INTRODUCTION

MPhil degree programme is designed for candidates wishing to do postgraduate research in Surveying, The candidates are expected to take and pass 24 units of coursework unless they already possess the M.Sc. or its equivalent in the Department of Surveying of the University of Lagos or any other approved University.

II. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

The M.Phil. programme is open to candidates having any one of this following qualifications from this university or other approved university:

(a) an M. Sc. (Surveying) degree or equivalent

(b) a B.Sc. (Surveying) degree, or equivalent, of this University or other approved university with at least second class upper division;

Candidates may be required to satisfy the department in a selection process.

III. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

To obtain an M.Phil. degree, a candidate who already has the M.Sc. degree is required to satisfy a minimum number of 9 units at the 900-level. Otherwise, he must pass a minimum of 33 units made up as follows:

a. 24 units of 800-level courses

b. 9 units of 900-level courses.

All requirements in the Regulations of the School of Postgraduate Research must, in all cases, be satisfied.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.)

1. INTRODUCTION

PhD degree programme is for candidates wishing to do advanced research work in Surveying. The candidates are expected to specialize in any one of the specialization areas.

II. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

The PhD programme is open to candidates having any of the following qualification from this University or other approved University:

An MPhil (Surveying) degree or equivalent

An MSc (Surveying) degree with a CGPA of 4.00 or above

III. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

To obtain a PhD degree, a candidate who already has the MPhil degree is required to satisfy a minimum number of 6 units of seminar work at the 950- level. Otherwise, he must pass a minimum of 12 units made up as follows: 9 units of 900- level courses

6 units of 950- level courses

All requirements in the Regulations of the School of Postgraduate Research must, in 111 cases, be satisfied.

MASTER OF GEOINFORMATICS

1. INTRODUCTION

The Programme will run for 12 months. The first semester of 15 weeks will be devoted to discussing the basic principles of the GIS and laying the foundation for understanding all aspects of spatial data acquisition (e.g. collection, storage, retrieval, quality assessment, etc.)

The second semester will be used to cover advanced topics in Geospatial information production and data management. There will also be practical sessions to accompany the sessions. Students will spend the last 3 months of the programme to work on a chosen application area (as a project).

II. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

This course is open to graduates in Surveying, Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science, Physical Sciences, Geography, Town Planning, Forest, Estate Management, Banking and finance, Insurance and actuarial sciences.

III. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

Candidates are required to complete a minimum of 36 units, made up of compulsory 28 units and a minimum of 8 electives, subject to a maximum of 42 units. One unit generally equates to one hour of lecture per week or 3 hours of practical for a 15 week semester.

PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

MASTER OF SCIENCE

General Courses

Specialisation Courses

Candidates will specialise in any of the following areas:

Geodesy

Photogrammetry

Remote Sensing

Hydrographic Surveying

Geoinformatics

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY

General Courses

Specialization Courses

Geodesy

Photogrammetry

Remote Sensing

Geoinformatics

Hydrographic Surveying

Ph.D.

ELECTIVE COURSES

M.Sc. (Electives)

M.Sc. (5 units must be chosen for all specialization)

M.Phil. Electives

MASTER OF GEOINFORMATICS

1st Semester

2nd Semester

Electives

Project

Candidates will be involved in a. project (4 waits) on a chosen application area related to their individual professional objectives.

COURSES DESCRIPTION

M.Sc.

SVY 801 ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICAL METHODS I (3 UNITS)

Review of matrix algebra; solution of systems of linear equations: direct and indirect methods. Observation Equations; Condition Equations and Mixed models. Treatment of large geodetic networks and special network. Addition of observations and parameters; Weight and Functional Constraints in Least Squares. Application ill Photogrammetry and Surveying.

Univariate Statistics: Statistical distributions, interval estimations and hypothesis testing. Multivariate statistics: hypothesis testing, classification, surface modelling and spatial interpolation; spatial analysis.

SVY 803 ADVANCED GEOMETRIC GEODESY I (3 UNITS)

Review of the properties of the ellipsoid. Curves on the surface of the ellipsoid. Solution of the direct and inverse problems on the ellipsoid. Astrogeodetic deflections of the vertical and the Laplace Equation. Reduction of observations to the ellipsoid. Observation equations for Triangulation, Traverse and Trilateration Computations on the ellipsoid. Best fitting and General Terrestrial Ellipsoids. Datum definition and determination. Datum Transformation. Geometric Methods of Satellite Geodesy.

SVY 804 ADVANCED PHYSICAL GEODESY I (3 UNITS)

The earth's external gravity field and the figure of the earth. The boundary value problem of physical geodesy. The problem of the geoid, regularized and actual geoid. Reduction to the geoid. Direct determination of the physical surface of the earth. Astrogeodetic, gravimetric and astrogravimetric methods of geoid determination. Methods of satellite geodesy. Gravity field estimates: Least squares and least squares collocation approaches.

SVY 805 ADVANCED GEODETIC ASTRONOMY (3 UNITS)

Time in Geodetic Astronomy; Star Coordinate Systems and their Motion. Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars. FK4 Sup and other Star Catalogues. Use of Star Catalogues; Observation Procedures. Time Keeping, Use of the Chronograph, Use of WILD T4 and Kern DKM3A Theodolites. Small Corrections to Observed and Deduced Quantities in Geodetic Astronomy. Determination Geodetic Azimuth in Geodetic Astronomy.

(i) Blacks Method

(ii) Other Methods

Use of gyrotheodolites in Geodetic Astronomy, Least Squares Adjustment of Field Determinations. Latitude and Longitude by Position lines in Geodetic Astronomy Geoid Sections Instrumentation in Geodetic Astronomy. Use and Calibration of Instruments. Polar Motion and the CIO; Seasonal Variation Polar Motion Service. Mean Star Places and Annual Abbreviation.

SVY 806 ADV. AERIAL TRIANGULATION (3 UNITS)

Radial line Triangulation. Aeropolygon, Aerolevelling, Independent Model

Triangulation, Perspective Centre Determinations, Strip or Block Formation.

Graphical, Polynomial and non-Polynomial Strip' or Block Adjustment. Use of

Auxiliary Data. Planning of Acrotriangulation Projects.

SVY 807 ADV. COMPUTATIONAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY (3 UNITS)

Collinearity Concept and Collinearity Equations, Corrections of Systematic Errors,

Analytical Relative Orientation, Analytical Approach to Independent Models, Weight

Constraints in Photogrammetry, Bundle Adjustment, Self, Calibrating Adjustment system.

SVY 809 ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING I (3 UNITS)

Electromagnetic energy, electromagnetic spectrum, remote sensors, aircraft and space craft remote sensing systems. Landsat satellite system Data. Atmospheric errors in remotely sensed data. Reflection, Spectral characteristics of objects; vegetation, soil, water. Analysis of data: qualitative and quantitative.

SVY 808 ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING II (3 UNITS)

Statistical properties of digital data. Pattern recognition. Digital image classification supervised and unsupervised methods. Mathematical algorithms for image classification cluster analysis, maximum likelihood, separating hyperplanes. Cartographic accuracy of digital satellite imagery. Comparison of Landsat and Spot Satellites Digital image rectification. Computer supported production of thematic maps.

SVY 810 ADVANCED HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING 11 3 UNITS

Survey Management and Project planning, including Tendering and Contracting Procedures, Elements of Sedimentary Processes. Quality Control & analysis of positioning methods , Control for dredging & reclamation, Conservancy law reports, visual and radar navigation systems, sand mining and required regulations, Analyses, Planning and Execution of Project. Dynamic Oceanography, Coastal Oceanography, Air Ocean Fluid Dynamics. Quality control in bathymetry.

SVY 811 ADV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING I (3 UNITS)

Tide and Tidal Currents; their Measurement and Interpretation. Principle of Harmonic Analysis and Prediction of Tides. Tidal Datum Planes, Graphical Analysis. Characteristics of Tides in Bays, Current Meters, and Amphidromic Systems. Oceanographic Sounding and Positioning a Float. Hydrographic Measurements, Automation and Programming, Data Analysis. Law of the Sea. Revision of Geodetic Principle for Control Establishment, Vertical Control Observations and Computations necessary to Establish Tidal Datum. Shore Line Mapping by ground survey and photogrammetric methods. Appreciation of the limitations of nautical chart.

SVY 812 APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (2 UNITS)

Potential Theory and its applications in geophysics. The earth's gravity field, its representation, measurement and evaluation. Geodetic measurements and computations involving gravity information. Computer Programming. Field observations, evaluation and analysis of Geophysical data as applied in seismology, gravimetry, electrical methods (resistivity and magnetism),

SVY 813 ADV. LAND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT I (3 UNITS)

Concept of a multipurpose cadastre; cadastral database design and implementation. Integrated Surveys. Digital Mapping, Land Tenure Systems, Land, Registration, Principles of Land Administration and Economy. Building of Cadastral Information System: GIS Application in Environmental management.

SVY 814 ADVANCED GEODETIC SURVEYING (3 UN ITS)

Definition of geodetic datum; Introduction, coordinate systems, datum shift and orientation, Laplace equation. Design and computation of geodetic networks. Three dimensional network. Deformation analysis. Statistical analysis of a geodetic network (the homogeneity problem) Direct and Inverse geodetic problems. Gravity networks. Specialised geodetic techniques, inertial surveying. Long baseline interferometry, G.P.S. System.

SVY 815 SPECIAL TOPICS IN REMOTE SENSING (3 UNITS)

Land use/Land cover classification algorithms, design of remote sensing data acquisition, data reduction and data processing instrument and techniques, cartographic presentation and accuracy of remote sensing data.

SVY 816 SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHOTOGKAMMETRY I (3 UNITS)

Scanners, digital cameras, features extraction, automated digital terrain modelling (DTM), digital aerotriangulation, digital orthophoto, digital photo workstation, and digital photogrammetry applications including:

(i) image scanning and digital cameras

(ii) digital aerial triangulation, including orientation of digital photogrammetric images

(iii) digital terrain model

(iv) digital orthophoto

(v) plotting in mono and stereo

(vi) digital photogrammetric workstation.

SVY 818 SPATIAL DATA STRUCTURES (3 UNITS)

Data modelling: definition, purpose, components, methodology, raster and vector data models. Raster and quad tree data structures. Spatial relationships, emergence of database technology, different views of the database, architecture. Database design: relational, network, hierarchical and binary relationship models. Database query and manipulation. Distributed databases. Are-node topology, using a database linking spatial and attribute information. Producing maps. GIS functionality: point- and line-in-polygon, buffering, overlays. Implementation details and exercises using PC Arc/Info and Oracle.

SVY 819 COASTAL MANAGEMENT (3 UNITS)

Introduction - Definition; Coasts, coastline, the Nigerian Coast; the dynamics of the Nigerian Coast - tides, waves, geology, geomorphology, topography, presence of canyons subsidence, global / relative sea level rise extreme sea level etc. Sedimentary coastal dynamic. Sea level changes along the West Africa Coast, specific studies of some beaches along the coastal areas of West Africa/ Nigeria. Human Activities and their impacts on the Nigerian coast. Design of a Coastal Management programme for Nigeria: data requirements; legal and management needs; and monitoring and enforcement. Application of GIS in coastal Management. Environmental Impact assessment of development activities on the Nigerian coast.

SVY 820 GIS IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES (3 UNITS)

User needs definition and GIS product requirements, requirement analysis and feasibility evaluation, developing a work-able solution and implementation plan, system implementation, system design, database design, system installation, training and

SVY 821 ADV. PHOTOGRAMMETRY I (3 UNITS)

Collinearity Concept and Collinearity Equation, Correction of Systematric Errors, Analytical Relative Orientation, Analytical approach to Independent Models, Weight constraints in Photogrammetry, Bundle Adjustment, Self-calibrating Adjustment system. Least squares methods in the adjustment of large aerotriangulation blocks; first and second order partitioned regression (course is strictly computer oriented).

SVY 822 ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN GEOINFORMATICS (2 UNITS)

Relational Database Design: Normalization and implementation; Object - oriented Database Design and Implementation; Building of Topographic Information System; topographic database, data requirements, design steps and implementation.

SVY 823 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS I (2 UNITS)

Definitions: electromagnetic radiation, transmission absorption and reflection, types of sensing devices and platforms. Digital techniques for enhancement, transformation, filtering, classification geometric correction, masking and feature extraction. Integration with other data sources. Applications in Environmental and Physical sciences. implementation details and exercises. Introduction to aerial photographs, Analytical treatment of photographic measurements, introduction to digital photogrammetry, principles of photogrammetric mapping.

SVY 824 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS II (2 UNITS)

Basic concepts of positioning, positioning on dynamic surface, control establishment, electronic surveying, GPS position determination, basics of topographic mapping, mathematical map projections.

support, system testing, documentation.

2 UNITS

SVY 870 M.Sc. RESEARCH PROJECT (4 UNITS)

Each candidate will be assigned a supervisor who will help him in the choice of a research topic. While working independently he should seek his supervisor's guid4nce throughout the project. Three copies of research project report, prepared and bound according to prescribed format, must be submitted.

EAG 800 NUMERICAI, METHODS IN ENGINEERING (2 UNITS)

Methods for obtaining numerical solutions to problems in Engineering linear and nonlinear mechanical systems. Ordinary and partial differential equations initial value and extreme value problems.

EAG 801 NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING II (3 UNITS)

Calculus of variations. Numerical Linear Algebra. Applications to vibrations,

diffusion, heat transfer, wave propagation, membranes, plates, fluid flow and celestial

mechanics, simulation of dynamical systems. Analog computation.

EAG 802 METHODS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS I (3 UNITS)

Ordinary differential equations; series; orthogonal functions; strum-Louville theory functions of several vector fields and integral theorems; matrix theory,

EAG 803 METHODS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS II (3 UNITS)

Partial Differential Equation Green's functions; Fourier and Laplace transforms; complex variables tensor analysis applications.

EAG 813 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION, OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL (3 UNITS)

Numerical techniques for estimation/identification in static and dynamic models. Empirical dynamic models. Empirical dynamic models for linear sampled data systems with stochastic inputs. The kalman Filter, its extensions and stochastic approximations. Classical and model optimization Methods. Mathematical programming search techniques: Linear, non-linear and dynamic models. Optimal control for discrete and continuous time systems with equality and inequality constraints.

M.Phil.

SVY 901 GEODESY I (3 UNITS)

Marine Geophysics. Origin and Perturbation of the Earth's gravity and Magnetic Fields

and Seismicity, Instrumentation, Data Gathering and Analysis of Data including Gravity, Magnetic and Seismic Reflection Refraction at Sea Corrections and Assumptions Leading to Analysis. Sources of Noise at Sea. Mapping and Charting the sea floor. Revision of Geodetic principles and theories. Relationship between Marine Geodesy and Oceanographic Measurements. World Mean Sea Level Programme. Under Water Acoustic Positioning (Principles and Applications) Shore Base Electronic Positioning System Airborne DME Systems for Marine Geodesy.

SVY 902 ADV. SATELLITE GEODESY (3 UNITS)

Precise determination of the satellite orbit, coordinate of tracking stations. Solution of geodetic boundary value problem by satellite techniques. Gravity field estimation. Equations of motion (linear and non-linear). The variational approach. Orbital perturbation, reference frames. Satellite radiometry: principles, observation and instrumentation. Satellite altimetry principles and observation. Global Positioning System (GPS)

SVY 903 ADV. PHYSICAL GEODESY II

Review of boundary value problem of physical geodesy. Derivation of integration differential equations in geodesy. Methods of numerical integration. Methods of gravity field estimation in physical geodesy. Stochastic interpretation. Advanced least squares collocation. Covariance functions, Structure and dynamics of the earth's body. Geophysical inverse problem Isostatic earth model. Data processing.

SVY 904 ADV. GEOMETRIC GEODESY II (3 UNITS)

Review of observation equations for geodetic network computations on the ellipsoid. Iterative and Non-iterative solution for long geodesics, Transformation of geodetic data between reference datums. Effects of changes in datum parameters on geodetic coordinates. Projective and Development method transformation formulae and methods. Determination of Ellipsoidal Parameters and Geodetic Datums. Fundamentals of three-dimensional geodesy. Use of three dimensional adjustment procedure in Horizontal Networks. Vector applications in Geometric Geodesy.

SVY 905 ADV. PHOTOG TRY II (3 UNITS)

Dynamic Aerial Calibration, Close Range Calibration, Classification of Aerotriangulation Methods, Simultaneous Adjustment of Photogrammetric and Geodetic Observation (SAPGO) Problem of Additional parameters, Applications of Least Squares Collocation Techniques to Aerial Triangulation.

SVY 906 ADV. REMOTE SENSING III (3 UNITS)

Design and operation of the Landsat multispectral imaging system; Principle of the return beam vidicon: its weaknesses. Radiometric and geometric errors in the Landsat digital multispectral remote sensing system sources and correction. Frequency histograms and look-up-tables; their design and importance. Digital enhancement techniques: stretching and filtering mathematics and procedure for improving interpretability of multispectral data false colour, simulated natural colour ratios and hybrids. Digitization and hard-copy production, instrumentation and procedures. Exploration, Inventory and Exploitation of earth's natural resources roles on the microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Subsurface capability direct measurements and inference methods.

SVY 907 SELECTED TOPICS IN REMOTE SENSING (3 UNITS)

Application of Remote Sensing in Pop mapping Resource mapping, selected advanced topics in methods of presentation of remote sensing data. The course will include lectures and student preparation and presentation of a major review paper for evaluation.

SVY 908 ADV. APPLIED MATHS METHODS II (3 UNITS)

Survey of Mathematical Models in Least Squares, Multivariate Statistical Techniques in (post) Least Squares: Data Analysis, Inner Adjustment: Least Squares Collocation; Kalman Filter and Least Squares; Generalised Matrices in Least Squares.

SVY 909 MARINE GEODESY II (3 UNITS)

Satellite Navigation and Positioning Systems. Have Transmission at Sea Various Collections; Geo-acoustic Model of the Ocean Floor and Methods for Predicting Acoustic Bottom Principle of Upwelling Interms of Ekman drift Location of Upwelling Regions Discuss Concepts of Dynamic Height and Geopotential Surface, from T-S Diagram to boroclinic Geotrophic current. Horizontal and Vertical Temperature, Salinity and Density Structure in the Major Oceans as a Function of time. Fundamental Process which control their Distribution.

SVY 911 ADVANCED TOPICS IN GEOINFORMATICS (3 UNITS)

Fuzzy sub-set theory, object with uncertain boundaries; Representation of quality parameters in GIS, Data consistency; object dynamic: geometric, topologic and thematic changes; Database Updating: identification of changed data, update propagation, handing of obsolete data. Rule-based generalization, multi-level representation of spatial data, generalization versus multi-scale representation; visualisation of spatial data.

SVY 912 SPECIAL IN TOPICS GEOINFORMATICS II (3 UNITS)

Graph theory and simplicial complexes; Review of spatial data models: field/ object approach to spatial modelling, tessellation and vector data models; Semantic modelling: classification, generalization, aggregation, association; spatial relationship: metric, topologic and spatial order; Database structures; relational, network, hierarchic and object-oriented/object - relational; spatio-temporal data modelling.

SVY 913 SPECIAL TOPICS IN GEOINFORMATICS I

Case studies in Land Information system (LIS) Design and Implementation of Environmental Information System (EIS), Institutional and Economics issues in EIS;

SVY 914 SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHOTOG TRY II (3 UNITS )

Research topics in GIS/LIS, Digital Aerotriangulation, Automatic DTM photo.

SVY 916 ADV. LAND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT II (3 UNITS)

Components of a Land information system (LIS), problems in developed countries, survey of land information systems: hardware and software; data structures for LIS database; economies of LIS, institutional issues, management issues, applications of LIS.

SVY 941 RESEARCH SEMINAR I (3 UNITS)

The course is designed for M.Phil. Candidates, who will be required to make two seminar presentations. Importance will be attached to literature review as well as derivation and/or development of relevant mathematical models and procedures. A report, in the form of a well written paper, must be submitted.

SVY 952 RESEARCH SEMINAR 11 (3 UNITS)

This course is designed for Ph.D. candidates. In addition to all the requirements of Research Seminar 1, originality of the research and its contribution to knowledge will be emphasized.

SVY 953 RESEARCH SEMINAR III (3 UNITS)

The requirements of this course, designed for Ph.D. candidates are same as for Research Seminar II

MASTER OF GEOINFORMATICS

SVY 871 - PRINCIPLES OF GIS (2 UNITS)

Definitions, historical development, relationship to other disciplines and to technology. The concepts of spatial data. An overview of GIS functionality. Basics of computer graphics, and associated computer graphs, input peripherals. Basic issues in data storage, vector and raster data structures. Design issues, communication and GIS products.

SVY 872 - DATA QUALITY (2 UNITS)

Concepts of data quality, categories of data quality: positional accuracy, topologic and Logical consistency, lineage, etc.; Fuzzy set theory; Management of data quality in GIS.

SVY 873 - DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS I (2 UNITS)

Definitions, electromagnetic radiation, transmission absorption and reflection, types of' sensing, devices and platforms, Digital techniques for enhancement, transformation, filtering, classification geometric correction, masking and feature extraction Integration with other data sources. Applications in the Environmental and Physical sciences. Implementation details and exercises. Introduction to Aerial photographs, Analytical treatment of photographic measurements, introduction to Digital Photogrammetry, principles of Photogrammetric mapping.

SVY 874 - POLICY ISSUES IN GIS IMPLEMENTATION (2 UNITS)

Government Responses: National mapping agencies (Federal Survey of Nigeria FSN), national initiatives (The Various committee reports), national data bases (censuses, FEPA, Oil companies), educational initiatives (Manpower training). Legal issues, access to data, cost. Organizational Issues: Information Technology and organizational change; technical and social issues: user centered design, prototyping piloting, Economic evaluation of GIS, cost benefit analysis, the use and value of geographic information. Impacts of GIS on management and labour practices.

SVY 875 - DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (DIP) IN REMOTE SENSING (3 UNITS)

Development of Digital image, and digital representation, Elements of visual perception, uniform and non-uniform sampling and quantization, pixel and their relationship in an imagery, Basic Imagery Geometry Multispectral pixels, Mathematical Concept of DIP and DIP software, Principle of Image Display Histogram, Multispectral Image Processing, Spatial frequency, Hypercube classification, computer knowledge in DIP, Image Loading and Display, Image Pre-processing, Filtering, Geometric Corrections, Colour Transformation, Digital Image Classification.

SVY 876 - GIS IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND PROCEDURE (2 UNITS)

User needs definition and GIS product requirements, requirement analysis and feasibility evaluation, developing a workable solution and Implementation plan, system implementation, system design, database design, system installation, training and support, system testing, documentation.

SVY 877 - ELEMENTS OF COMPUTING AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS (2 UNITS)

Operating Systems, directory structures, system editor. Introduction to local word processing and graphics packages. Accessing output devices. An introduction to the principles of computer programming. The major language constructs of the C programming Language, and their use in GIS applications. Program design. Implementation and exercises using Turbo C.

SVY 878 - APPLICATION OF GIS (3 UNITS)

This section of the course considers various issues in the application of GIS, which divide into three: general issues, socioeconomic applications, and environmental applications. However, since GIS is by its nature inter-disciplinary, it is anticipated that candidates should find material relevant to their specific interests in many different applications areas. This will be in addition to the topics of general interest to be covered in class such as map production, GIS operations: map generalization, buffer generation, overlay, multiple map attributes, introduction to modelling.

SVY 879 - ANALYTICALIDIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMEETRY 3 UNITS Scanners, digital cameras, feature extraction, Automated Digital Terrain Modelling (DTM), Digital aerotriangulation, Digital Orthophoto, Digital Photo Workstation and Digital Photogrammetry applications including:

i. Image Scanning and Digital Cameras

ii. Digital Aerial Triangulation, including orientation of digital photogrammetric images

iii. Digital Terrain Model

iv. Digital Orthophoto

v. Plotting in mono and stereo

vi. Digital Photogrammetric Workstation

SVY 880 - INTRODUCTION TO KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS AND

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (2 UNITS)

Introduction to expert systems and Artificial Intelligence. Knowledge engineering, encoded knowledge, rule bases, forward and backward chaining. Applications ill planning, environmental science and remote sensing. Links between database structures and knowledge-bases. Implementation and exercising using Prolong.

SVY 881 - DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS II (2 UNITS)

Basic concepts of positioning, Positioning on a dynamic surface, Control establishment, Electronic surveying, GPS position determination, Basics of Topographic mapping, Mathematical Map Projections.

SVY 882 SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN SURVEYING (2 UNITS)

Integration of remote sensing systems and GIS, integration of a digital photogrammetric workstation and GIS, integration of global positioning system with GIS etc. Advantages of integrated operations, development of knowledge systems, applications of integrated

systems.

SVY 883 - SPATIAL DATA STRUCTURES (3 UNITS)

Data modelling: definition, purpose, components, methodology, raster and vector data

models. Raster and quad tree data structures. Spatial relationships, Emergence of database technology, different views of the database, architecture. Database design: relational, network, hierarchical and binary relationship models. Database query and manipulation. Distributed databases. Arc-node topology, using a database linking spatial and attribute information. Producing maps. GIS functionality: Point- and line-polygon, buffering, overlays. Implementation details and exercises using PC Arc/info and Oracle.

SVY 884 - GUIDED STUDIES IN GIS (3 UNITS)

Students will be required to choose any topic of special interest to them and to make

deep study of such topic for presentation in form of seminars. The Following provide a

guide for identification and selection of topics of interest.

SVY 885 - SPATIAL STATISTICS I (2 UNITS)

Descriptive statistics and graphics. Correlation and regression. Classification and analysis of interdependence. Spatial interpolation. Analysis of spatial pattern. Graphic representation of spatial distribution. Experimental design. The methods of least squares and error analysis Contouring and interpolation methods. Surface modelling.

SVY 886 - SPATIAL STATISTICS II (2 UNITS)

Advanced statistical analysis and graphics. Surface Modelling. The methods of Least squares and error analysis. Basic concepts of system modelling. Contouring, interposition methods, kriging, and co-kriging. Visualization methods and imaging. Applications in environmental science.

SVY 888 - DIGITAL SURVEYING (2 UNITS)

Digital Tachometry, Digital levelling, (trigonometrical, spirit levelling), Digital theodolite, traverses, use of electronic field book, GPS, Inertial surveying.

SVY 889 - FUNDAMENTAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (3 UNITS)

The Nigerian Environmental Problems: Erosion, desertification, flooding, deforestation, sedimentation, pollution from agricultural activities, gas flaring and other national and human induced impacts. Global environmental issues: climate change including greenhouse gases and ozone depletion, sea level rise and the impacts etc. Regional environmental problems such as fish depletion, erosion and subsidence. Management strategies: Data Collection, processing, monitoring, laws and regulations, integrated management and environmental impact assessment.

SVY 890 - DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY (3 UNITS)

Definitions and Methods of attributes mapping, introduction to facilities mapping

strategies and methods, storage and retrieval of attributes, collection and representation

of data with uncertain boundaries.

SVY 892 - DATA ACQUISITION III (2 UNITS)

Digitizing and scanning. Editing and topological checking. Coordinate systems, snap projections and transformations. Vector-to-raster and raster-to-vector conversion, interfaces between GIS systems. Implementation and exercises using computer mapping software. Integration of Remote sensing, Photogrammetry, Surveying and Cartography Data for GIS.

SVY 894 - PROJECT (4 UNITS)

GEOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS

A. SOCIO-ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS

1. Information Systems for Urban and Regional Planning

Planning systems in different countries, changing information requirements.

Contemporary uses of information in planning: development control, local planning, strategic planning. Information for monitoring, policy, evaluation, forecasting. Examples of GIS in local government.

2. Information Systems for Retailing and Marketing

Information requirements for retail and market analysis: basic data sources, data manipulation, high and low technology solutions. Geodemographics. Private sector development, Developments in modelling approaches.

3. Housing and Planning in Third World Countries.

The production of, and access to, housing, the nature of planning systems and the role of the state in addressing urban problems in third world cities. Information requirements to assess urban problems, techniques for acquiring such information, and methods, for identifying and evaluating policy options in a third world urban context.

4. Cadastral Applications

The nature and purpose of land information systems (LIS); data requirements, data sources, organizational ramifications. 'Fixed' and 'general' boundary strategies, temporal change, LIS and modelling Case Studies.

B. ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

1. Three-Dimensional GIS

Methods of display of 3-D data; conceptual models, theory and principles of 3-D GIS.

Statistical methods: contouring, interpolation methods, kriging and co-kriging. Visualization methods and imaging. Applications in environmental science.

2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

EIA as a systematic management tool within the technical planning and decision making process. Procedures and methodologies for identifying, predicting and evaluating the environmental effects of large scale and complex actions. GIS support in EIA.

3. Soil and Land Evaluation Systems

Land Evaluation Information Systems (LEIS) and Soil Information Systems (SIS): land capability and rating analysis, land systems analysis and land suitability concepts. Parameterisation. The application of GIS concepts in LEIS and SIS. Case studies in agricultural planning, forestry and soil erosion.

4. Resources Evaluation and Planning in Developing Countries.

The nature of problems of environmental maintenance and resource exploitation facing contemporary Third World countries; demands on resources such as water, energy and land, sustainable development. Technical appraisal methods, the role of GIS. Case studies.

C. GEOINFORMATICS APPLICATION: POLICY AND GENERAL ISSUES

Government Role and Responses

National mapping agencies (Federal Survey of Nigeria FSN), national initiative (The various committee reports), national data bases (censuses, FFPA, Oil companies),educational initiatives (Manpower training). Legal issues, access to data ownership rights.

2. Organizational Issues.

GIS, 'Information Technology and organizational change: technical and social issues, user-centered design, prototyping piloting, Economic evaluation C'. GIS, cost -benefit analysis, the use and value of geographical information. Impacts of GIS on management and labour practices.

GEOINFORMATICS RESEARCH ISSUES:

The accuracy of spatial databases, the nature of error, error propagation. Fractals. Expert Systems, Spatial decision Support Systems. 4 dimensional GIS. Aspects of desist: visualization, colour theory, experimental approaches to cartographic design. Map production, GIS operations: map generalization, buffer generation, overlays overlays of multiple map attributes, introduction to modelling.

GENERAL

Teaching methods will mix lectures, practicals, seminars and site visits.

GENERAL INFORMATION

AVAILABLE FACILITIES

i. A range of powerful personal computers

ii. GIS and digital mapping software packages

iii. Modern photogrammetric plotters

iv. Electronic theodolites

V. EDM instruments

vi. Complete GIS Kits

vii. AO Altec digitizer

viii. A4 HP plotter

ix. Geoinformatics laboratory

X. Hydrographic boat and accessories

xi. GPS receivers

Sangodina GIS and Engineering Surveying