Economic implications of water scarcity in North Africa examines the growing challenges posed by water scarcity and climate change and their effects on economic development, employment, food security and social stability in North Africa. The report assesses trends in water availability, water stress, water quality and access to water services across the subregion and analyses the implications of declining freshwater resources for agriculture, industry and energy production. It highlights the increasing vulnerability of livelihoods and economic growth to changing precipitation patterns, droughts and groundwater depletion. Using empirical evidence and econometric analysis, the report demonstrates the relationship between water availability, gross domestic product and agricultural productivity. It also examines the impacts of water scarcity on migration and food systems and proposes policy measures to strengthen water governance, improve efficiency, promote technological innovation, expand water reuse and desalination, and enhance regional cooperation for sustainable water management and long-term resilience in North Africa.